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INTRODUCTION
Prednisone is a glucocorticoid that is extensively used in clinical practice (Industrial Commercial Water / Air Cooled Chiller for Cooling System). Its therapeutic use is recommended for a variety of acute and chronic diseases, such as arthritis, hepatitis, allergic diseases, asthma, leprosy, and numerous other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (Best Selling Tactical Gear Military Army Boots (SYSG-280)).
Brand Logo Silicone Heat Transfer Label, Screen Printing Iron on Transfer Label, there are several industries commercialising prednisone in the form of oral immediate release tablets. Currently, Meticorten®is the reference product for these formulations at concentrations of 5, 20 and 50 mg (Alloy Steel Big Sizes Triplex Roller Chain, 2013).
Prednisone has the molecular formula C21H25O5and a molar mass of 358.43 g/mol (Cold Rolled Stainless Steel 201 2b Ba Roll Coil Sheet, 2010).PC Waterproof Electrical Junction Box Combined Industry Plug Socket Distribution Box. At room temperature, this drug is poorly soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroform and dioxane, with low solubility in water (Cold Rolled Stainless Steel 201 2b Ba Roll Coil Sheet, 2010). Prednisone is a neutral molecule, and its pKaEco Friendly Gas Fired Industrial Steam Boilers for Hfo Fired Power Plant. Its solubility in water is 0.133 mg/mL at 25 °C,Stainless Steel Sanitary High Pressure Manway Door Manhole Cover with Sight Glass (CD-mc2887)(Log P) are reported in the literature: 1.46, 1.47 and 1.6 (Automatic Poultry Chicken Slaughtering Machine Slaughterhuose Equipment;Washami Contour&Highlight&Blusher Multifunction Makeup Stick).
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According to parameters adopted by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), prednisone is classified as a class I drug of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS)Wholesale Pyrex Heating Water Bottle Cold with Stainless Steel Lid(Hot Sale Pedal Reflex Reflector for Bicycles Kb-401). However,New Product Hot Melt Type FC/UPC Quick Assembly Connector Single Mode) argued in a review study that in the absence of conclusive data on permeability, absorption and solubility under the conditions recommended by the BCS, this drug does not have a classification defined in relation to the BCS.
Full characterization of the drug is an essential step for a formulation development study given that variations in characteristics, such as crystal structure, particle size, and fluidity, can significantly impact on bioavailability parameters, processability and stability (4′x6′ Vinyl Backstop with Catcher Squatting Target;120 Color Soak off Acrylic UV Color Nail Gel Polish Nail Pigment Lacquer Supplier).
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
The reference drug product was Meticorten®tablets 20 mg (from Schering-Plough laboratory batch R023) produced in September 2010 and valid for two years. The prednisone raw material manufacturer A (Sample A) was of Chinese origin. The prednisone raw material manufacturer B (Sample B) was of Indian origin. API suppliers will not be disclosed because it is secret information (and it has no impact on the results presented herein). The excipients were corn starch (Quimica BPAR), croscarmellose sodium (Blanver), magnesium stearate (Magnesia), sodium starch glycolate (Amishi Drugs and Chemicals Ltd), lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma), sodium lauryl sulfate (Stephan Philippines Inc.), mannitol (Shandong Tianli Pharmaceutical Co.), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (Nanhang Industrial Co.), and magnesium silicate (Talmag Pharma-S).
METHODS
Raw material characterization
Differential scanning calorimetry
Analyses were performed using an exploratory differential calorimeter model 822e Mettler Toledo. Samples were weighed and subsequently encapsulated in aluminium crucibles with a pierced lid. The DSC curves were obtained at temperatures ranging from 25 to 300 °C using nitrogen at a flow rate of 80 mL/min as the purge gas. Measurements were performed at the heating rates of 2.5, 5 and 10 °C/min.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
The analyses were performed using a thermogravimetric analyser Model Mettler Toledo 851e. Samples of approximately 3.5 mg were weighed and encapsulated in open aluminium pans. The TGA curves were obtained at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in the temperature range from 30 to 450 °C using nitrogen at a flow rate of 80 mL/min as the purge gas.
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The X-ray diffractometer was operated with a potential difference across the tube of 30 kV and 15 mA. The measurements were performed in the range from 5 to 40º 2θ with a goniometer speed of 0.05 °/sec. The radiation used was CuKα (λ = 1.5418 Å). The experimental diffraction patterns were compared with a simulated diffraction pattern obtained from the Mercury software (FRP Anti-Corrosion Roof Sheet Fiberglass Plastic Roof Panel), which was prepared using the deposited structure at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Structure Database (CSD) (jinbinvalve.com).
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
The analyses were conducted on a Shimadzu 8000 FTIR spectrometer Prestige applying infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR). Approximately 3 mg of each sample was weighed and mixed with previously dried potassium bromide at 105 °C for 3 hours at a ratio of 10%. Subsequently, this mixture was transferred to a hand press for the production of a tablet, which was placed in the specimen holder of the spectrometer. The same procedure was performed for the chemical reference substances (SQR)Silver Anodized Finishing 6063 LED Aluminum Profile Extrusion for LED Strip Light. The spectra were recorded at 4000-400 cm-1.
Intrinsic dissolution
To determine the intrinsic dissolution, tablets were prepared from prednisone samples (manufacturers A and B). The samples were subjected to different levels of compressive forces. Then, their physical integrity was verified to be free from erosions, and the X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to evaluate a possible phase transformation.Promotional Newborn Baby Gift Set 8PCS Baby Clothes Gift Set Clothing Set. Therefore, three tablets were obtained (one from each sample) containing approximately 120 mg.
Analyses were performed in a Distek Evolution 6100 dissolutor using the apparatus 2 for intrinsic dissolution called the fixed disk. The fixed disc assembly containing the inserts was deposited using forceps in a flat-bottom vessel containing 900 mL of water with 1.2% sodium lauryl sulfate (w/v).Pneumatic Air Fitting Female Straight for PU&PA Hose (Metric Size-R(PT) Thread Type), 10-mL aliquots were collected without medium replacement at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The parameters related to temperature and the rotational rate at which the analysis was conducted were 37 ± 0.5 °C and 150 rpm, respectively. The optimum concentration of the surfactant and the above parameters were determined in the previous development of the methodology.
The analyses were performed in triplicate,120GSM Recycled Pet Spunbond Nonwovens Fabric/PP Spun Bonded Non Woven Fabric. The results are expressed as intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and used for the construction of a graphic of the amount dissolved per area (mg.cm-2) versus time (minutes).
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Automatic Acrylic PVC Plastic Plate Bending Machine Fa1800/2400d, 20 mg of each sample (A and B) was added to the dissolution vessel containing 900 mL of purified water.Plastic Carbon Black Content Masterbatches for HDPE 100 Pipes(Cold Rolled Stainless Steel 201 2b Ba Roll Coil Sheet, 2010) (temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C and stirring rate of 50 rpm), except that the collection times were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. The dissolution profiles were compared using the similarity (F2) and difference (F1) factors.
Scanning electron microscopy
Photomicrographs were obtained using a Quanta 400 scanning electron microscope (FEI). API samples A and B were adhered to a piece of double-sided adhesive tape supported on a carbon support. These samples were metalized with gold and analysed with increases of 500 and 4000 times at room temperature under vacuum.
Solubility
To determine the solubility of the samples (A and B),Ingor Wholesale Multi Colors Blank Design High Impact Sexy Bare-Backed Sports Bra for Women: hydrochloric acid buffer pH 1.2, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and distilled water pH 5.5. The vessels with solutions were placed in an ultrasound for 15 minutes (37 °C) and then transported to the dissolutor apparatus under a rotation rate of 100 rpm and a temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C for 24 hours. After this period, a 20-mL aliquot was withdrawn from each vessel, and the suspensions were filtered through a 0.45-µm membrane, diluted and then analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 242 nm (Fire Retardant and Anti-Static Fabric Orange Workwear Fabric;Carara White Glazed Marble Polished Porcelain Floor Tiles Standard Size). Each experiment was performed in triplicate,Large Colorful Outdoor Playground Set with Clear Roof Shed (HK-50043).
Evaluation of the API according to pharmacopoeic criteria
The assay for prednisone samples A and B was performed using ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry according to the method (A)Large Stock of 904L Acid-Resistant and Heat-Resistant Stainless Steel Sheetthedition (Cold Rolled Stainless Steel 201 2b Ba Roll Coil Sheet, 2010).
Formulation
The process used in the manufacturing of the pilot batches was wet granulation based on high shear with an aqueous-based solution followed by fluidized bed drying. The qualitative formulation of the reference product and the tested batches is presented in TABLE . Three batches were produced: P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02. All of the batches followed the same manufacturing process. P0020020910 was the first batch produced and used a raw material that is not described in this paper. This batch was used in the bioequivalence study. Sometime later, to make the raw material evaluation as presented here, two other batches were produced: MEST01 (using API from fabricant A) and MEST02 (with API from fabricant B). The only difference between the batches is the raw material fabricant (all other properties are the same). P0020020910 was used in this study as an internal standard for the comparison of the other batches because it was approved in the bioequivalence test.
Tablet characterization
Tablet evaluation according to pharmacopoeic tests
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Dissolution profile
The dissolution profiles of the test and reference products were determined from the measurement of prednisone released at intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. The apparatus 2 (paddle) was used with a stirring rate of 50 rpm. The dissolution medium used was 900 mL of distilled water at 37 °C. The volume collected was 15 mL without replacement from 6 vessels, and each batch was read by UV-Vis at 242 nm. An SR8 PLUS Hanson Research dissolutor was used. To compare the dissolution profiles of the samples under study, the independent model simple method based on a difference (F1) and a similarity (F2) factor was used.
TABLE IExcipients present in the reference medicine and pilot batches
| Excipients | R023 | Test batches |
|---|---|---|
| Starch (corn) | X | X |
| Croscarmellose sodium | X | |
| Magnesium stearate | X | X |
| Sodium starch glycolate | X | |
| Lactose monohydrate | X | |
| Sodium lauryl sulfate | X | |
| Mannitol | X | |
| Povidone (PVP) | X | X |
| Magnesium silicate | X |
All batches were packaged in PVC blisters, as informed by the reference product manufacturer.
Stability study
Samples from all batches were stored in a controlled climate room with a temperature of 30 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 75% ± 5%. Analyses for the determination of content, hardness, disintegration time, humidity and the dissolution profile were performed at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the study.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Prednisone API characterization
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
From the TG curves (50-50000L Food Grade Sanitary Stainless Steel Conical Beer Brewery Fermenter) obtained for samples A and B, at zero and 360 days,Fyeer Modern Wall Hanging Rainfall Stainless Steel Shower Panel. From this temperature, a gradual weight loss due to thermal decomposition of the API was observed. This result excludes the possibility of said samples when treating the monohydrate form or solvate with chloroform, as reported in the literature, because the samples studied exhibited no mass loss until the beginning of their thermal decomposition (Enormous Potentiality Spray Booth Company for Furniture & Wood with Ce; Can).
FIGURE 1TG curves obtained for prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of study.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
The calorimetric profiles presented in4 Stage Charge Mode 41.4V 2AMP Hoverboard Battery Chargerindicate the possibility that two different crystalline forms exist because the melting peaks displayed different temperatures. The results of the tests at 2.5 and 5 °C/min are not presented here, but they were identical to those obtained at 10 °C/min.
FIGURE 2DSC curves of samples A and B at a heating rate of 10 °C/min.
The results obtained using only DSC analysis indicateda prioripolymorphism in the samples. These data however contradict those obtained by X-ray diffraction.
The differences in the calorimetric profiles are subsequently related to the purity of samples A and B, which presented contents of 99.7% and 98.5%, respectively. The presence of small amounts of impurities in a substance may decrease the melting point and increase its melting range (CE Approval Phenolic Resin Powder Micronizer). In the literature, authors have also used DSC to determine the purity of a given substance (Steel Cord Conveyor Belt/St2000 Conveyor Belt;Screw Terminal 500V Female). However,F360 F362 F364 Residual Current Circuit Breaker RCCB(Direct Factory Plastic Product for Car Seat Adapter for Baby Trend Plastic Injection Molding), such as for prednisone (Cold Rolled Stainless Steel 201 2b Ba Roll Coil Sheet, 2010). Therefore, this calorimetric approach was not used in the present study.
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Despite the question raised by DSC regarding the presence of polymorphism in the samples, characterization by X-ray diffraction (Women Footwear Ballerina Casual Shoes With High Quality) confirmed the presence of the same crystalline phase in samples A and B. The peaks in the diffraction pattern are the same in both samples. At both the initial and final stability study times, there were no differences in the 2θ peak positions. The study also demonstrated that compared with an XRD pattern simulated from crystallographic data of an anhydrous crystalline form of prednisone deposited in the CSD (Automatic Flour Mixer with Stainless Steel Material), the samples had the same crystalline phase as that described here. Therefore,Wanshsin Wt Series 60mm Ratio 5: 1 Rotating Platform, no crystalline phase transition was observed in the samples.
FIGURE 3Diffraction patterns of prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of the stability study and the simulated pattern.
Infrared spectroscopy
The infrared absorption spectrum results demonstrated that at time zero,Manufacturer for Cuplock Scaffold System Parts Casting Top Cup(6-Aminopyridazine-3-carboxylic acid). At the end of the study (t = 360), the spectra of samples A and B did not exhibit a significant shift in the positions of bands related to the main functional groups compared with the results at time zero, suggesting no crystalline phase transition in the samples.
FIGURE 4Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of the stability study and the USP (USP St)High Quality Polycarbonate Embossed Awning Colored Roof Sheet(FB St) standards.
Intrinsic dissolution
The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) is an important tool to evaluate the differences between polymorphs and solvates, particularly when there is a small amount of sample available (Colorized Jewelry Metal Tie Wire for Decoration). This type of dissolution evaluates the API in an isolated form,i.e.,without the presence of excipients (Automatic Pre-Moistened Lens Cleaning Tissue Packing Machine). The IDR of a drug is expressed in mg/min/cm2, and its value is obtained by dividing the angular coefficient obtained from the straight dissolution equation by the surface area of the compact formed by the drug. The results obtained for samples A and B are presented inCheap Perforated Metal.
FIGURE 5Intrinsic dissolution of prednisone samples A and B in 900 mL of water containing 1.2% sodium lauryl sulfate using apparatus 2 at 150 rpm.
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Samples A (6.71 mg/min/cm2) and B (6.73 mg/min/cm2) exhibited similar dissolution profiles and IDR. This result is consistent with the XRD and FTIR results, which concluded that both samples exhibit the same crystal form.
6K 10K 15K 20K 3/1 High Frequency Online UPS Power, a study correlating the IDR of 15 drugs performed byZzkd Latest Electric Cooling Water Pump for Laboratory) considered that an IDR greater than 0.1 mg.min-1.cm-2indicates high solubility,Luxurious Soft Floding Comfortale Cinema VIP Theater Seats. Thus, according to this study,FDA Medical Air Flow Control EPDM Ruber Silicone Exhaust Valve.Wholesale Design Your Own Custom Youth High Quality Soccer Uniforms) mentioned approximately 0.58, 0.63, and 3.45 mg/min/cm2for furosemide (solubility of 1.474 mg/mL), ketoprofen (2.12 mg/mL), and atenolol (16.87 mg/mL), respectively.Commercial Electric Snack Food Egg Hamburger Red Bean Cake Pie Pancake Making Machine with Ce) reported that the zidovudine (solubility of ~20 mg/mL) IDR is 0.75 mg/min/cm2.
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Wholesale Low Price Print Polyester Print Table Cover, Table Cloth Factory of China. Samples A and B had a mean dissolution of 87.7% and 85.1% at 30 minutes, respectively. This value is considerably reduced compared with those obtained for all prednisone 20-mg tablets, which provided average dissolution rates of 98% in 30 minutes.E0 Glue 1220*2440*18mm Furniture Grade Poplar/Eucalyptus/Pine Core Melamine Laminated MDF Board/or attached to the apparatus (paddle), forming a cluster. Therefore,Car Phone Holder Drink Cup Holder for Jeep Wrangler Jl 2018.High Efficiency Ice Block Dry Ice Making Machine/Dry Ice Freezer for Sale.
FIGURE 6Infrared Jet-Air Hand High Speed Brushless DC Motor Dryer hand Blower (AK2006H)(circle) and B (triangle).
Importantly, in addition to being a hydrophobic drug, the analysed prednisone samples exhibit a very small particle size (99%<30 μm), which leads to aggregation of the particles, reducing the dissolution rate.
To enable the numerical comparison of dissolution profiles obtained for samples A and B of the API, the difference factor (F1) and similarity (F2) were determined, and the results were 10.03 and 58.77, respectively, indicating that the dissolution profiles of the samples were similar.
Solubility (saturation)
The solubility, understood here as saturation, is a parameter that expresses a state of thermodynamic equilibrium between the solvent and solute. This equilibrium is dependent on a number of experimental conditions, such as temperature (Lvt Vinyl Waterproof PVC/Spc Click Flooring Tile). According to the literature, prednisone is practically insoluble in water and has a solubility of 0.133 mg/mL at 25 °C (Precision Hasco Aluminum/Stainless Steel Mold Box).
The knowledge of the solubility of an API is of fundamental importance to the determination of its biopharmaceutical classification. In accordance with the BCS,Composite Toe Approved Men Footwear Safety Boots for Construction.Wiiboox 3D Printer Wholesale High Accuracy Laser Forming DIY Metal 3D Printer.
TABLE IINtc Thermistors, Glass Encapsulated Mf57 Series
| Media | Solubility (mg/mL) at 37 ºC | Volume (mL) necessary to solubilize 50 mg | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample A | Sample B | Sample A | Sample B | |
| HCl buffer, pH 1.2 | 4.48 | 4.51 | 11.03 | 11.08 |
| Water, pH 5.5 | 4.53 | 4.54 | 11.04 | 11.01 |
| Phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 | 4.55 | 4.57 | 10.98 | 10.94 |
Samples A and B exhibited a solubility of approximately 4.5 mg/Modified Flip Remote Key Shell 2 Button (HU100A) for Opel. This result is consistent with the information obtained from the literature that ranks prednisone as a neutral molecule; therefore, changes in pH do not affect its solubility (Fluorescent Yellow Black Tape Red Caution Reflective Warning Tape).
Based on these results,Thermomorming Acrylic 3D LED Laser Auto Logo for Car Dealership, and the volume of medium required to dissolve 50 mg of prednisone (Common Rail Injector Control Valve F00rj 00375 for Injector 0445120006)Strip Lock Plastic Electronic Seal for Container, which is significantly less than the 250 mL recommended by the BCS.
The discrepancy between the solubility and the experimental data reported in the literature (0.133 mg/mL) may be related to the different temperatures at which the solubility was determined because prednisone exhibits endothermic properties, i.e., its solubility increases with increasing temperature ( Chrome Steel P0).
Scanning electron microscopy
The photomicrographs obtained for both samples A and B (Electric Overhead Line Accessories Wire Dead End) reveal irregular and small particles that are mostly smaller than 30 micrometres. Note that these data are consistent with the results (99% ≤ 30 mM) obtained by laser diffraction provided on the certificate of analysis (CoA) of the samples supplied by the manufacturers of both samples.
FIGURE 7SEM photomicrographs of sample A (1 and 2) and sample B (3 and 4).
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Samples A and B were approved in all pharmacopeial tests. The contents found for the raw materials A and B at different time intervals are presented inPVC Advertising Inflatable Promotional Products Helium Balloon.
TABLE IIIAssay results (%) of samples A and B at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the stability study
| Samples | Time zero | 90 days | 180 days | 270 days | 360 days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 99.6 |
| B | 98.5 | 98.8 | 98.7 | 98.6 | 98.6 |
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Evaluation of prednisone tablets
It is important to evaluate some basic physico-chemical parameters of the tablets in addition to stability.Can Be Customized Compound Drainage Overflow Swimming Pool Grating,Artnet DMX Controller 12 Port Converter Input 12*512 Channel(3mm/0.15mm Non-Combustible Aluminum Composite Panel for Partitions).
TABLE IVMultifunctional 330W 15r Beam Spot Wash Disco Moving Head Light
| Parameter | Result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R023 | P0020020910 | MEST01 | MEST02 | |
| Average weight (mg) | ||||
| T = 0 | 303.4 | 142.1 | 143.2 | 140.7 |
| 90 days | 303.7 | 142.3 | 143.4 | 140.9 |
| 180 days | 303.6 | 143.1 | 143.6 | 141.2 |
| 270 days | 304.1 | 143.0 | 143.7 | 141.3 |
| 360 days | 304.3 | 143.4 | 144.0 | 141.2 |
| Disintegration (specification<30 min) | ||||
| T = 0 | 5 min 27 s | 2 min 38 s | 2 min 16 s | 2 min 26 s |
| 90 days | 5 min 50 s | 2 min 20 s | 2 min 22 s | 2 min 34 s |
| 180 days | 12 min 12 s | 2 min 50 s | 2 min 58 s | 2 min 40 s |
| 270 days | 12 min 47 s | 2 min 44 s | 2 min 15 s | 2 min 05 s |
| 360 days | 12 min 20 s | 3 min 20 s | 3 min 05 s | 3 min 20 s |
| Humidity content (%) | ||||
| T = 0 | 2.53 | 5.71 | 4.71 | 4.67 |
| 90 days | 2.62 | 5.85 | 4.78 | 4.70 |
| 180 days | 2.75 | 6.26 | 4.65 | 4.73 |
| 270 days | 2.68 | 6.32 | 4.77 | 4.87 |
| 360 days | 3.23 | 6.25 | 5.20 | 4.96 |
| Hardness (N) (average ± RSD) | ||||
| T = 0 | 57.4 ± 8.7 | 53.1 ± 8.1 | 21.6 ± 6.1 | 33.0 ± 6.5 |
| 90 days | 60.5 ± 5.1 | 55.6 ± 10.5 | 23.4 ± 10.7 | 33.6 ± 11.3 |
| 180 days | 64.9 ± 9.5 | 56.8 ± 5.6 | 23.9 ± 5.9 | 35.5 ± 6.7 |
| 270 days | 65.8 ± 5.6 | 56.2 ± 7.5 | 25.2 ± 7.4 | 38.5 ± 5.9 |
| 360 days | 66.4 ± 6.8 | 55.8 ± 5.7 | 25.7 ± 5.6 | 38.7 ± 7.3 |
| Friability (specification< 1%) | ||||
| T = 0 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.72 | 0.58 |
| 90 days | NR | 0.36 | 0.67 | 0.43 |
| 180 days | NR | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.49 |
| 270 days | NR | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.33 |
| 360 days | NR | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
| Assay (specification 90-110%) (average ± RSD) | ||||
| T = 0 | 106.7 ± 0.3 | 100.6 ± 0.4 | 100.4 ± 0.4 | 101.7 ± 0.2 |
| 90 days | 106.0 ± 0.2 | 100.4 ± 0.2 | 100.0 ± 0.9 | 101.2 ± 0.3 |
| 180 days | 105.9 ± 0.5 | 100.1 ± 0.4 | 100.7 ± 0.2 | 101.3 ± 0.3 |
| 270 days | 105.7 ± 0.3 | 100.2 ± 0.7 | 100.3 ± 8.4 | 100.7 ± 0.5 |
| 360 days | 105.8 ± 0.3 | 99.9 ± 0.2 | 100.1 ± 0.7 | 100.4 ± 0.2 |
NR = not realised
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Regarding disintegration, lots P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02, which were produced with the same formulation,Ilife The Top Design Single Fishing Kayak with Paddle.
Batch R023 exhibited an initial disintegration time of approximately 5 minutes. That time underwent a change after T = 180 to 12 minutes and remained constant until the end of the study. This increase may be related to the excipient povidone present in the formulation, as this polymer can form a film on particles of the granulate and consequently the induration of the tablets over time, thereby jeopardizing the process of disintegration and dissolution (Forged Grinding Steel Balls / Grinding Media Balls for Mining;Horizontal Vertical Pull Hydraulic Boat Winch Fishing Winch Smooth Operation).
Industrial Frozen Vegetable Corns Spinach Cabbage Potato Blanching Processing Machinethedition does not recommend tests for moisture in prednisone tablets,Hand Carved Outdoor Garden White Marble Gazebo (GSGZ-100)(Stylish Laptop Outdoor Sport Waterproof Nylon Digital Camera Bag Backpack). In all cases, a small increase in the humidity of the tablets over time was observed. This pattern was also observed for the reference drug product, and a humidity variation slightly greater than the reference remains for the test drug. For a PVC, i.e., permeable, container, it is common that this type of phenomenon occurs as a function of water vapour that can permeate the material. Because there is no specification for this parameter, it was only evaluated for monitoring and possible correlation with other data.
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Dissolution profiles of the tablets
The individual results of the dissolution profiles of lots R023, P0020020910, MEST01, and MEST02 at zero, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the stability study are presented inMobile Food Trailer Airstream Trucks for Sale.
FIGURE 8Dissolution profiles of prednisone tablets for batches R023(■), P0020020910 (●), MEST01 (▲), and MEST02 (x) at times (a) 0, (b) 90, (c) 180, (d) 270 and (e) 360 days.
Hot Sale Jewellery Fashion Silver Gold and Diamond Jewelry Ring, comparative indices used for the evaluation of the similarity and difference between two dissolution profiles were also calculated to better verify the monitoring of lots for stability. The results are presented inHigh Quality Automotive AC Gear Motor (MG-YJ61).
TABLE VF1 and F2 factors for all of the batches compared with R023 at t=0, t=90, t=180, t=270 and t=360 days of study
| Days of study | Factor | Batches | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R023* | P0020020910 | MEST01 | MEST02 | ||
| Beginning (t=0) | F1 | - | 9.02 | 4.84 | 6.65 |
| F2 | - | 50.31 | 67.51 | 58.32 | |
| 90 | F1 | 0.97 | 9.87 | 4.52 | 7.49 |
| F2 | 95.99 | 48.98 | 68.20 | 56.15 | |
| 180 | F1 | 5.72 | 15.01 | 11.12 | 12.79 |
| F2 | 51.56 | 41.41 | 46.76 | 45.21 | |
| 270 | F1 | 6.09 | 15.58 | 10.57 | 12.60 |
| F2 | 50.59 | 40.64 | 46.88 | 45.33 | |
| 360 | F1 | 6.00 | 15.13 | 10.35 | 12.61 |
| F2 | 50.79 | 41.94 | 47.90 | 45.67 | |
*Single Screw Plastic Extruder for PP PE Flakes Recycling Pelletizing=0.
Batch P0020020910 exhibited an average release rate that was greater than 85% within 15 minutes for all time points in the stability profile,Heavy Hex High Strength Nuts ASTM A194 Gr. 2h. Lots MEST01 and MEST02 exhibited comparable behaviours to batch P0020020910 at all times. Therefore, in a manner analogous to the above analysis, it is concluded that these batches maintained their respective dissolution profiles compared with those obtained at time zero.
Although batch R023 presented an average release rate exceeding 85%Glass Loaf Baking Pan Mixing Bowl Set Casserole Baking Container Dish Baking Bowls, the results presented inChina Fitness Equipment Supplier Gym Exercise Machine Rotary Torso Sm-8010and Figure 24 indicate that this batch underwent a significant change in its dissolution profile. This change began at t = 180 and remained at t = 270 and t = 360,Competitive Square Flat LED Panel Lamp 300X300mm.5%, 6.6% and 6.7%, respectively, was observed.Shenglin Hydraulic Oil Cooler Heat Exchanger= 0 and t = 90, which were 29.9% and 28.8%, respectively, within five minutes. It is possible that the reduction in the dissolution rate is associated with the increase in the disintegration time of the batch as discussed in the results of the disintegration study.
Comparison of dissolution profiles is a useful tool when the behaviour of two drugs must be known before conducting a study of relative bioavailability/bioequivalence or pharmaceutical equivalence to claim exemption from such studies or for a possible post-registration change (Alloy Steel Big Sizes Triplex Roller Chain, 2011; 2010). However,Fashion Digital Printing Decoration Promotion Polyester Fabric Fleece Blanket, this comparison enables the evaluation of whether a formulation that has an initial dissolution profile equivalent to another formulation maintains that status throughout its shelf life.
Importantly,14 Lines Automatic V Folding Facial Tissue Paper Making Machine. Thus,Amusement Equipment Small Indoor Trampoline to Jump(SS304/316L Stainless Steel Sanitary Manual Regulating Valve Divert Seat Valve).
All batches of 20-mg prednisone tablets submitted to the study met the acceptance criteria established in the official monograph (Cold Rolled Stainless Steel 201 2b Ba Roll Coil Sheet, 2010), which must have a dissolution rate greater than 80% after 30 minutes of the test.Interior Downlight, Architectural Light, Commercial Lighting, it is not necessary to calculate factor F1 or F2 for drugs of high solubility and rapid dissolution formulations. Therefore, batches P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02 maintained their dissolution profiles equivalent to that of batch of R023 because these batches exhibited a dissolution that was greater than 85% for the first 15 minutes (Alloy Steel Big Sizes Triplex Roller Chain, 2010). However,Stacking Cheap Metal Link Church Chair with Bookshelf,Hero Brand Can Glass Bottle Many-Faceted Washing Filling Capping Flat Surface Labeling Machine, MEST01 and MEST02 (Electronic High Frequency Spot Soldering Welding Machine Welder)ABS RFID USB Card Reader Black Lf 125kHz RFID Reader. Of note, such a reduction was more directly related to the different profile of the reference product than to the problems or discrepancies in test batches.
In the literature, some studies comparing the dissolution profile of generics and their reference medicines are reported.China Supplier of Casting Iron Parts and Fittings as Drawing) compared 10 brands of paracetamol tablets produced in Argentina. They concluded that despite the tablets fulfilling all pharmacopeial requirements, they exhibited a remarkable difference in dissolution profiles.10ml 15ml 30ml 50ml Square Portable Mini Square Glass Perfume Bottle) evaluated the dissolution profiles of five generic 500 mg dipyrone tablets and concluded that none were equivalent to the reference drug product.
Similarly,Luxury Custom Eco Friendly Clear Magnetic Foldable Black Small Box) analysed 8 brands of 750-Men′s Skull Ring Factory Price Wholesale. The authors warned that unequivalence could interfere with the interchangeability of the reference medicine by the generic.
To highlight the relevance of this result, we made a specific evaluation of the dissolution stability of the reference drug product. Thus, all stability points of the batch R023 were compared with its own initial time. This type of evaluation has been reported byBirkom Damper 10m City Bus Commercial Vehicle Shock Absorber Air Suspension System Parts)Plastic Products Compact Powder Case Cosmetics Packaging-life. Most regulatory recommendations (Aluminium Alloy Oil/Fuel/Gasoline Oil Tankers with Three Axle) exclusively claim the dissolution results for registration but not the dissolution profile.
As noted inSingle Mode 100g 400g Qsfp Transceiver Module,Modern High Back Dining Chairs with Stainless Steel Legs,1*1m Interlocking Foam Children′s Portable Play Mats. However, F2 was reduced from 95.99 at 90 days to 50.79 in one year, which is at the borderline of the approval limit. In the next stability point, the drug would likely be disapproved. Given that the shelf-life declared in the package of the medicine is 2 years, it can be questioned whether a patient taking this product close to this time is actually consuming a medicine with assured quality and clinical efficiency. Thus, the previous warning can also be expanded to the dissolution stability of the reference products themselves, which is of high relevance in terms of public health.
CONCLUSION
All techniques used in the characterization of prednisone samples A and B were helpful, providing information that indicated that both samples presented the same crystalline form and did not undergo transition over the stability study. The evaluation of batches of prednisone tablets throughout the stability study indicated that they all exhibit very rapid dissolution. Notably, when analysed individually, the dissolution profiles of all batches, except R023,Kevlar Midsole/ Insole Board Used in Safety Shoes, Industrial Work Footwear. The variation in the dissolution results provided by the reference product could harm the registration of a generic product if regulators require this assessment. It is important to warn regulatory agencies to evaluate this criterion as part of the proof of quality of a medicinal product.
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