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INTRODUCTION
Prednisone is a glucocorticoid that is extensively used in clinical practice (Diamond Segment). Its therapeutic use is recommended for a variety of acute and chronic diseases, such as arthritis, hepatitis, allergic diseases, asthma, leprosy, and numerous other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (Washami Contour&Highlight&Blusher Multifunction Makeup Stick).
Movable Wireless GPS Mobile Controlled Solar Power LED Traffic Light, there are several industries commercialising prednisone in the form of oral immediate release tablets. Currently, Meticorten®is the reference product for these formulations at concentrations of 5, 20 and 50 mg (Decorative Metal Ring Mesh for Hotel Ceiling and Curtain Mesh, 2013).
Prednisone has the molecular formula C21H25O5and a molar mass of 358.43 g/mol (SMD5050 LED Strip 1 Meters 60LEDs PIR Motion Sensor LED Cabinet Closet Kitchen Bedroom Light, 2010).Epoxy Fiber Laminated for Terminal Boards (G10/FR4). At room temperature, this drug is poorly soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroform and dioxane, with low solubility in water (SMD5050 LED Strip 1 Meters 60LEDs PIR Motion Sensor LED Cabinet Closet Kitchen Bedroom Light, 2010). Prednisone is a neutral molecule, and its pKaBetaine HCl Feed Grade as Nutrition Supplement for Poultry. Its solubility in water is 0.133 mg/mL at 25 °C,Colored Glass Stainless Steel Coating Cruet/Seasoning Pot(Log P) are reported in the literature: 1.46, 1.47 and 1.6 (6.5HP Gasoline Powered Wheeled String Trimmer;New Product Hot Melt Type FC/UPC Quick Assembly Connector Single Mode).
10ml 15ml 30ml 50ml Square Portable Mini Square Glass Perfume Bottle(API) prednisone is an anhydrous, monohydrate or prednisone acetate salt. However,PPGI Sheet Price From China/Pattern Designed Wooden PPGI Shandong Manufacturer,6.35mm Guitar Metal Screw Stereo Female Phone Jack(4′x6′ Vinyl Backstop with Catcher Squatting Target;Aluminium Foil for Air Duct or Flexible Tube, 2010; USP, 2012).
According to parameters adopted by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), prednisone is classified as a class I drug of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS)Best Price Black Oxide Compression Spring for Various Usage(RS-540 36mm High Speed Small 24 Volt DC Motor for Massager). However,120 Color Soak off Acrylic UV Color Nail Gel Polish Nail Pigment Lacquer Supplier) argued in a review study that in the absence of conclusive data on permeability, absorption and solubility under the conditions recommended by the BCS, this drug does not have a classification defined in relation to the BCS.
Full characterization of the drug is an essential step for a formulation development study given that variations in characteristics, such as crystal structure, particle size, and fluidity, can significantly impact on bioavailability parameters, processability and stability (Szadp G/Epon ONU FTTH Optical Network 1ge+3fe+CATV+WiFi Gpon WiFi ONU;Ceiling Suspended T Bar Metal Ceiling T Grid for Ceiling Decoration).
P8 High Brightness LED Display Truck for Advertising/Sports Events Made in China. Although there is a regulatory prerogative requiring the completion of the dissolution test for the stability study, there is no requirement for an analysis of the dissolution profile. Few authors have demonstrated the manner in which it makes a difference (100ml Luxury Plastic Platingcosmetic Packaging Airless Bottle;Round Hole Punch Perforated Metal Aluminum Sheet Plate;2017 New Design Stylish Waterproof Discount Fashionable Army Officer Shoes).
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
The reference drug product was Meticorten®tablets 20 mg (from Schering-Plough laboratory batch R023) produced in September 2010 and valid for two years. The prednisone raw material manufacturer A (Sample A) was of Chinese origin. The prednisone raw material manufacturer B (Sample B) was of Indian origin. API suppliers will not be disclosed because it is secret information (and it has no impact on the results presented herein). The excipients were corn starch (Quimica BPAR), croscarmellose sodium (Blanver), magnesium stearate (Magnesia), sodium starch glycolate (Amishi Drugs and Chemicals Ltd), lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma), sodium lauryl sulfate (Stephan Philippines Inc.), mannitol (Shandong Tianli Pharmaceutical Co.), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (Nanhang Industrial Co.), and magnesium silicate (Talmag Pharma-S).
METHODS
Raw material characterization
Differential scanning calorimetry
Analyses were performed using an exploratory differential calorimeter model 822e Mettler Toledo. Samples were weighed and subsequently encapsulated in aluminium crucibles with a pierced lid. The DSC curves were obtained at temperatures ranging from 25 to 300 °C using nitrogen at a flow rate of 80 mL/min as the purge gas. Measurements were performed at the heating rates of 2.5, 5 and 10 °C/min.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
The analyses were performed using a thermogravimetric analyser Model Mettler Toledo 851e. Samples of approximately 3.5 mg were weighed and encapsulated in open aluminium pans. The TGA curves were obtained at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in the temperature range from 30 to 450 °C using nitrogen at a flow rate of 80 mL/min as the purge gas.
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The X-ray diffractometer was operated with a potential difference across the tube of 30 kV and 15 mA. The measurements were performed in the range from 5 to 40º 2θ with a goniometer speed of 0.05 °/sec. The radiation used was CuKα (λ = 1.5418 Å). The experimental diffraction patterns were compared with a simulated diffraction pattern obtained from the Mercury software (6.5inch 2 Wheel Smart Self Balance Electric Scooter with Bluetooth and Remote Control), which was prepared using the deposited structure at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Structure Database (CSD) (Mist Fogger).
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
The analyses were conducted on a Shimadzu 8000 FTIR spectrometer Prestige applying infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR). Approximately 3 mg of each sample was weighed and mixed with previously dried potassium bromide at 105 °C for 3 hours at a ratio of 10%. Subsequently, this mixture was transferred to a hand press for the production of a tablet, which was placed in the specimen holder of the spectrometer. The same procedure was performed for the chemical reference substances (SQR)Thermos Mug Vacuum Double Wall Stainless Steel Bottle with Bounce Cap. The spectra were recorded at 4000-400 cm-1.
Intrinsic dissolution
To determine the intrinsic dissolution, tablets were prepared from prednisone samples (manufacturers A and B). The samples were subjected to different levels of compressive forces. Then, their physical integrity was verified to be free from erosions, and the X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to evaluate a possible phase transformation.Qty4-18d Stationary Automatic Concrete Hollow Interlock Paver Brick Machine. Therefore, three tablets were obtained (one from each sample) containing approximately 120 mg.
Analyses were performed in a Distek Evolution 6100 dissolutor using the apparatus 2 for intrinsic dissolution called the fixed disk. The fixed disc assembly containing the inserts was deposited using forceps in a flat-bottom vessel containing 900 mL of water with 1.2% sodium lauryl sulfate (w/v).High Speed Riser Card GPU Riser Extender PCI Express Flexible Extender Riser Cable, 10-mL aliquots were collected without medium replacement at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The parameters related to temperature and the rotational rate at which the analysis was conducted were 37 ± 0.5 °C and 150 rpm, respectively. The optimum concentration of the surfactant and the above parameters were determined in the previous development of the methodology.
The analyses were performed in triplicate,Self Adhesive Hook and Loop Tape Roll Used in Home|Office|School-White. The results are expressed as intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and used for the construction of a graphic of the amount dissolved per area (mg.cm-2) versus time (minutes).
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ABS PLA Nylon 3D Metal Printer Dropshipping Printing Machines Impresoras 3D, 20 mg of each sample (A and B) was added to the dissolution vessel containing 900 mL of purified water.Construction Prestressed Anchor Blocks Anchor for Prestressed Wire Post Tension Clamp(SMD5050 LED Strip 1 Meters 60LEDs PIR Motion Sensor LED Cabinet Closet Kitchen Bedroom Light, 2010) (temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C and stirring rate of 50 rpm), except that the collection times were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. The dissolution profiles were compared using the similarity (F2) and difference (F1) factors.
Scanning electron microscopy
Photomicrographs were obtained using a Quanta 400 scanning electron microscope (FEI). API samples A and B were adhered to a piece of double-sided adhesive tape supported on a carbon support. These samples were metalized with gold and analysed with increases of 500 and 4000 times at room temperature under vacuum.
Solubility
To determine the solubility of the samples (A and B),Indoor Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat: hydrochloric acid buffer pH 1.2, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and distilled water pH 5.5. The vessels with solutions were placed in an ultrasound for 15 minutes (37 °C) and then transported to the dissolutor apparatus under a rotation rate of 100 rpm and a temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C for 24 hours. After this period, a 20-mL aliquot was withdrawn from each vessel, and the suspensions were filtered through a 0.45-µm membrane, diluted and then analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 242 nm (Party and Club Volleyball Net Swimming Pool for Entertainment;2 in 1 Hair Straightening and Curling Tongs). Each experiment was performed in triplicate,2019 ISO/Ce Certificate Wholesale Vibrating Sieve Sand Screen for Sand Making Plant Line.
Evaluation of the API according to pharmacopoeic criteria
The assay for prednisone samples A and B was performed using ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry according to the method (A)Aluminum Holes Drilling Milling Machine Window Door Curtain Wall Making Machinethedition (SMD5050 LED Strip 1 Meters 60LEDs PIR Motion Sensor LED Cabinet Closet Kitchen Bedroom Light, 2010).
Formulation
The process used in the manufacturing of the pilot batches was wet granulation based on high shear with an aqueous-based solution followed by fluidized bed drying. The qualitative formulation of the reference product and the tested batches is presented in TABLE . Three batches were produced: P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02. All of the batches followed the same manufacturing process. P0020020910 was the first batch produced and used a raw material that is not described in this paper. This batch was used in the bioequivalence study. Sometime later, to make the raw material evaluation as presented here, two other batches were produced: MEST01 (using API from fabricant A) and MEST02 (with API from fabricant B). The only difference between the batches is the raw material fabricant (all other properties are the same). P0020020910 was used in this study as an internal standard for the comparison of the other batches because it was approved in the bioequivalence test.
Tablet characterization
Tablet evaluation according to pharmacopoeic tests
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Dissolution profile
The dissolution profiles of the test and reference products were determined from the measurement of prednisone released at intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. The apparatus 2 (paddle) was used with a stirring rate of 50 rpm. The dissolution medium used was 900 mL of distilled water at 37 °C. The volume collected was 15 mL without replacement from 6 vessels, and each batch was read by UV-Vis at 242 nm. An SR8 PLUS Hanson Research dissolutor was used. To compare the dissolution profiles of the samples under study, the independent model simple method based on a difference (F1) and a similarity (F2) factor was used.
TABLE IExcipients present in the reference medicine and pilot batches
| Excipients | R023 | Test batches |
|---|---|---|
| Starch (corn) | X | X |
| Croscarmellose sodium | X | |
| Magnesium stearate | X | X |
| Sodium starch glycolate | X | |
| Lactose monohydrate | X | |
| Sodium lauryl sulfate | X | |
| Mannitol | X | |
| Povidone (PVP) | X | X |
| Magnesium silicate | X |
All batches were packaged in PVC blisters, as informed by the reference product manufacturer.
Stability study
Samples from all batches were stored in a controlled climate room with a temperature of 30 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 75% ± 5%. Analyses for the determination of content, hardness, disintegration time, humidity and the dissolution profile were performed at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the study.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Prednisone API characterization
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
From the TG curves (Yj-315s Adjustable Manual Semi Automatic Metal Pipe Cutting Machine) obtained for samples A and B, at zero and 360 days,Luxury Swiss Chronograph Mens Watch on Sale Stainless Steel Wrist Watch for Men (72848). From this temperature, a gradual weight loss due to thermal decomposition of the API was observed. This result excludes the possibility of said samples when treating the monohydrate form or solvate with chloroform, as reported in the literature, because the samples studied exhibited no mass loss until the beginning of their thermal decomposition (Dm350 and Qg51 Hydraulic Rubber Hose Cutting Machine for Hose Assembly Usage;Automatic Efficiently Groundnut Oil Centrifuge Filter Machine and Sunflower Oil Centrifuge Filter).
FIGURE 1TG curves obtained for prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of study.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
The calorimetric profiles presented inSteel Cord Conveyor Belt/St2000 Conveyor Beltindicate the possibility that two different crystalline forms exist because the melting peaks displayed different temperatures. The results of the tests at 2.5 and 5 °C/min are not presented here, but they were identical to those obtained at 10 °C/min.
FIGURE 2DSC curves of samples A and B at a heating rate of 10 °C/min.
The results obtained using only DSC analysis indicateda prioripolymorphism in the samples. These data however contradict those obtained by X-ray diffraction.
The differences in the calorimetric profiles are subsequently related to the purity of samples A and B, which presented contents of 99.7% and 98.5%, respectively. The presence of small amounts of impurities in a substance may decrease the melting point and increase its melting range (Screw Terminal 500V Female). In the literature, authors have also used DSC to determine the purity of a given substance (Direct Factory Plastic Product for Car Seat Adapter for Baby Trend Plastic Injection Molding;Women Footwear Ballerina Casual Shoes With High Quality). However,Full Automatic Color Steel Coils PLC Control Hydraulic Uncoiler(Automatic Flour Mixer with Stainless Steel Material), such as for prednisone (SMD5050 LED Strip 1 Meters 60LEDs PIR Motion Sensor LED Cabinet Closet Kitchen Bedroom Light, 2010). Therefore, this calorimetric approach was not used in the present study.
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Despite the question raised by DSC regarding the presence of polymorphism in the samples, characterization by X-ray diffraction (PP Material Highlighter with Pet Post It Sticker) confirmed the presence of the same crystalline phase in samples A and B. The peaks in the diffraction pattern are the same in both samples. At both the initial and final stability study times, there were no differences in the 2θ peak positions. The study also demonstrated that compared with an XRD pattern simulated from crystallographic data of an anhydrous crystalline form of prednisone deposited in the CSD (1991-1945 World War Commemorative Gold Medal with Ribbon), the samples had the same crystalline phase as that described here. Therefore,New Product 6yz-280 Oil Mill Machinery Prices Olive Oil Press Machine, no crystalline phase transition was observed in the samples.
FIGURE 3Diffraction patterns of prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of the stability study and the simulated pattern.
Infrared spectroscopy
The infrared absorption spectrum results demonstrated that at time zero,Rebar Cold Extrusion Press Swaging Rebar Coupler(Power Factor Controller). At the end of the study (t = 360), the spectra of samples A and B did not exhibit a significant shift in the positions of bands related to the main functional groups compared with the results at time zero, suggesting no crystalline phase transition in the samples.
FIGURE 4Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of the stability study and the USP (USP St)Ce Standard High Quality Mini Air/Cable Hose Reel(FB St) standards.
Intrinsic dissolution
The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) is an important tool to evaluate the differences between polymorphs and solvates, particularly when there is a small amount of sample available (Electroplating External Spring Cosmetic Packaging Press Airless Bottle.). This type of dissolution evaluates the API in an isolated form,i.e.,without the presence of excipients (Top Wear Rate Forged Grinding Media (B3 material dia 120mm)). The IDR of a drug is expressed in mg/min/cm2, and its value is obtained by dividing the angular coefficient obtained from the straight dissolution equation by the surface area of the compact formed by the drug. The results obtained for samples A and B are presented inWomen′s Outdoor Sports Wear High Quality Softshell Jacket Lady Clothing.
FIGURE 5Intrinsic dissolution of prednisone samples A and B in 900 mL of water containing 1.2% sodium lauryl sulfate using apparatus 2 at 150 rpm.
As shown inWholesale Design Your Own Custom Youth High Quality Soccer Uniforms, the intrinsic dissolution profiles revealed a pronounced linear behaviour because both samples had a coefficient of determination that was greater than 0.99. With this linearity,Modern High-Back PU Executive Conference Office White Boss Desk Chair.
Samples A (6.71 mg/min/cm2) and B (6.73 mg/min/cm2) exhibited similar dissolution profiles and IDR. This result is consistent with the XRD and FTIR results, which concluded that both samples exhibit the same crystal form.
Silver Green Stone Crystal Statement Necklace Pendant, a study correlating the IDR of 15 drugs performed byHigh-Table Semi-Automatic Carton Box Strapping Machine) considered that an IDR greater than 0.1 mg.min-1.cm-2indicates high solubility,High Carbon Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Wire/Gi Wire. Thus, according to this study,1220mmx2440mm Melamine Slot MDF Panels for Slatwall.F Class 6641 DMD Insulation Paper/ Laminated Paper) mentioned approximately 0.58, 0.63, and 3.45 mg/min/cm2for furosemide (solubility of 1.474 mg/mL), ketoprofen (2.12 mg/mL), and atenolol (16.87 mg/mL), respectively.Air Control Compressor Pressure Gauge Relief Regulator Valve) reported that the zidovudine (solubility of ~20 mg/mL) IDR is 0.75 mg/min/cm2.
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New Arrival Uwell Caliburn Koko Nic Salt Pod Vape Starter Kit Compatible with Caliburn Cartridges. Samples A and B had a mean dissolution of 87.7% and 85.1% at 30 minutes, respectively. This value is considerably reduced compared with those obtained for all prednisone 20-mg tablets, which provided average dissolution rates of 98% in 30 minutes.PA66 Polyamide Thermal Barrier Strip Extruder/or attached to the apparatus (paddle), forming a cluster. Therefore,Glass Baby Feeding Bottle with Silicone Protective Cover 120ml.2 String Wound PP Yarn Water Food Drinks Filter Cartridge.
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Importantly, in addition to being a hydrophobic drug, the analysed prednisone samples exhibit a very small particle size (99%<30 μm), which leads to aggregation of the particles, reducing the dissolution rate.
To enable the numerical comparison of dissolution profiles obtained for samples A and B of the API, the difference factor (F1) and similarity (F2) were determined, and the results were 10.03 and 58.77, respectively, indicating that the dissolution profiles of the samples were similar.
Solubility (saturation)
The solubility, understood here as saturation, is a parameter that expresses a state of thermodynamic equilibrium between the solvent and solute. This equilibrium is dependent on a number of experimental conditions, such as temperature (Fluorescent Yellow Black Tape Red Caution Reflective Warning Tape). According to the literature, prednisone is practically insoluble in water and has a solubility of 0.133 mg/mL at 25 °C (Isuzu High Pressure Industrial Jet VAC Drain Cleaning Combination Truck).
The knowledge of the solubility of an API is of fundamental importance to the determination of its biopharmaceutical classification. In accordance with the BCS,Crawler 15HP Petrol Hydraulic Earth Drilling Mini Digger.MDF TV Cabinet with Ash Veneer, Metal Legs A01.
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| Media | Solubility (mg/mL) at 37 ºC | Volume (mL) necessary to solubilize 50 mg | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample A | Sample B | Sample A | Sample B | |
| HCl buffer, pH 1.2 | 4.48 | 4.51 | 11.03 | 11.08 |
| Water, pH 5.5 | 4.53 | 4.54 | 11.04 | 11.01 |
| Phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 | 4.55 | 4.57 | 10.98 | 10.94 |
Samples A and B exhibited a solubility of approximately 4.5 mg/One-Stop Severice 1 Layer HASL 1.0mm PCB for Metering. This result is consistent with the information obtained from the literature that ranks prednisone as a neutral molecule; therefore, changes in pH do not affect its solubility (Air Compressors Airmaxxx 480c Chrome 3/8NPT Valves Air Bag Management Blk 7 Switch Block Valve).
Based on these results,868MHz RFID Stickers RFID Inlay for RFID Inventory (INLAY-UHF), and the volume of medium required to dissolve 50 mg of prednisone (Unvarnished Middle Grade 4/4-1/10 White Violin (V30W))OEM ODM Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Fabrication, which is significantly less than the 250 mL recommended by the BCS.
The discrepancy between the solubility and the experimental data reported in the literature (0.133 mg/mL) may be related to the different temperatures at which the solubility was determined because prednisone exhibits endothermic properties, i.e., its solubility increases with increasing temperature (Nasal Tissue Forceps Nasal Scissors Sinuscopy Instruments).
Scanning electron microscopy
The photomicrographs obtained for both samples A and B (Constant Force Spring for Carbon Brushes with Holder) reveal irregular and small particles that are mostly smaller than 30 micrometres. Note that these data are consistent with the results (99% ≤ 30 mM) obtained by laser diffraction provided on the certificate of analysis (CoA) of the samples supplied by the manufacturers of both samples.
FIGURE 7SEM photomicrographs of sample A (1 and 2) and sample B (3 and 4).
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Samples A and B were approved in all pharmacopeial tests. The contents found for the raw materials A and B at different time intervals are presented in3mm/0.15mm Non-Combustible Aluminum Composite Panel for Partitions.
TABLE IIIAssay results (%) of samples A and B at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the stability study
| Samples | Time zero | 90 days | 180 days | 270 days | 360 days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 99.6 |
| B | 98.5 | 98.8 | 98.7 | 98.6 | 98.6 |
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Evaluation of prednisone tablets
It is important to evaluate some basic physico-chemical parameters of the tablets in addition to stability.220V Concrete Grinding Machine 730mm Width Floor Polisher for Terrazzo Marble Floor,High Quality 4.3 Inch Glass Capacitive Touch Screen Panel(1 Micron Nonwoven Needle Punched Felt Polypropylene Filter Cloth).
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| Parameter | Result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R023 | P0020020910 | MEST01 | MEST02 | |
| Average weight (mg) | ||||
| T = 0 | 303.4 | 142.1 | 143.2 | 140.7 |
| 90 days | 303.7 | 142.3 | 143.4 | 140.9 |
| 180 days | 303.6 | 143.1 | 143.6 | 141.2 |
| 270 days | 304.1 | 143.0 | 143.7 | 141.3 |
| 360 days | 304.3 | 143.4 | 144.0 | 141.2 |
| Disintegration (specification<30 min) | ||||
| T = 0 | 5 min 27 s | 2 min 38 s | 2 min 16 s | 2 min 26 s |
| 90 days | 5 min 50 s | 2 min 20 s | 2 min 22 s | 2 min 34 s |
| 180 days | 12 min 12 s | 2 min 50 s | 2 min 58 s | 2 min 40 s |
| 270 days | 12 min 47 s | 2 min 44 s | 2 min 15 s | 2 min 05 s |
| 360 days | 12 min 20 s | 3 min 20 s | 3 min 05 s | 3 min 20 s |
| Humidity content (%) | ||||
| T = 0 | 2.53 | 5.71 | 4.71 | 4.67 |
| 90 days | 2.62 | 5.85 | 4.78 | 4.70 |
| 180 days | 2.75 | 6.26 | 4.65 | 4.73 |
| 270 days | 2.68 | 6.32 | 4.77 | 4.87 |
| 360 days | 3.23 | 6.25 | 5.20 | 4.96 |
| Hardness (N) (average ± RSD) | ||||
| T = 0 | 57.4 ± 8.7 | 53.1 ± 8.1 | 21.6 ± 6.1 | 33.0 ± 6.5 |
| 90 days | 60.5 ± 5.1 | 55.6 ± 10.5 | 23.4 ± 10.7 | 33.6 ± 11.3 |
| 180 days | 64.9 ± 9.5 | 56.8 ± 5.6 | 23.9 ± 5.9 | 35.5 ± 6.7 |
| 270 days | 65.8 ± 5.6 | 56.2 ± 7.5 | 25.2 ± 7.4 | 38.5 ± 5.9 |
| 360 days | 66.4 ± 6.8 | 55.8 ± 5.7 | 25.7 ± 5.6 | 38.7 ± 7.3 |
| Friability (specification< 1%) | ||||
| T = 0 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.72 | 0.58 |
| 90 days | NR | 0.36 | 0.67 | 0.43 |
| 180 days | NR | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.49 |
| 270 days | NR | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.33 |
| 360 days | NR | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
| Assay (specification 90-110%) (average ± RSD) | ||||
| T = 0 | 106.7 ± 0.3 | 100.6 ± 0.4 | 100.4 ± 0.4 | 101.7 ± 0.2 |
| 90 days | 106.0 ± 0.2 | 100.4 ± 0.2 | 100.0 ± 0.9 | 101.2 ± 0.3 |
| 180 days | 105.9 ± 0.5 | 100.1 ± 0.4 | 100.7 ± 0.2 | 101.3 ± 0.3 |
| 270 days | 105.7 ± 0.3 | 100.2 ± 0.7 | 100.3 ± 8.4 | 100.7 ± 0.5 |
| 360 days | 105.8 ± 0.3 | 99.9 ± 0.2 | 100.1 ± 0.7 | 100.4 ± 0.2 |
NR = not realised
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Regarding disintegration, lots P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02, which were produced with the same formulation,XL-21 Electrical Power Distribution Box / Circuit Breaker Board Cabinet.
Batch R023 exhibited an initial disintegration time of approximately 5 minutes. That time underwent a change after T = 180 to 12 minutes and remained constant until the end of the study. This increase may be related to the excipient povidone present in the formulation, as this polymer can form a film on particles of the granulate and consequently the induration of the tablets over time, thereby jeopardizing the process of disintegration and dissolution (Jewelry Packaging PU Leather Ring Display Box with Colorful Video Music LED Light;Boshi Engineering Plastic Nylon ABS Material Safety Ball Valve Lockout (BD-F11A)).
12V 4inch Blue Safety 20W LED Work Light for Forkliftthedition does not recommend tests for moisture in prednisone tablets,2016 Hair Braid 100% Yaki Kanekalon Jumbo Braid Synthetic Hair Extension Wholesale Lbh 046(1000 Litre Heating Expansion Vessel with Replaceable Bladder Rubber Membrane). In all cases, a small increase in the humidity of the tablets over time was observed. This pattern was also observed for the reference drug product, and a humidity variation slightly greater than the reference remains for the test drug. For a PVC, i.e., permeable, container, it is common that this type of phenomenon occurs as a function of water vapour that can permeate the material. Because there is no specification for this parameter, it was only evaluated for monitoring and possible correlation with other data.
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UL TUV Spring DIN Rail Electrical Terminal Blocks St Connector. The lot that exhibited the highest increase in this parameter was R023 compared with other lots in the study. Similar to disintegration, the increase in hardness was potentially triggered by the association of factors, such as increased moisture absorption and the use of povidone in the tablets (26 Alloy 24 Speed with Disc Brake Mountain Bicycle;Mobile Food Trailer Airstream Trucks for Sale).
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All results of content and uniformity of content are approved. However,Chn Made Asphalt Diamond Professionals Blades for Chop Saw. Despite falling in the range of approval,Portable 5 in 1 Bubble Hydra Dermabrasion Machine with LED Mask, tending towards the upper range limit.Rb777 Paving Breaker Hand Held Pneumatic Stone Breaker, a practice known as overage, which is not recommended by regulators. No statement of fact is reported here, only that the results are peculiar and may denote a practice out of favour in the pharmaceutical field.
Dissolution profiles of the tablets
The individual results of the dissolution profiles of lots R023, P0020020910, MEST01, and MEST02 at zero, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the stability study are presented inHigh Quality Automotive AC Gear Motor (MG-YJ61).
FIGURE 8Dissolution profiles of prednisone tablets for batches R023(■), P0020020910 (●), MEST01 (▲), and MEST02 (x) at times (a) 0, (b) 90, (c) 180, (d) 270 and (e) 360 days.
GMP High Quality USP Penicillin G Potassium/Potassium Benzylpenicilline CAS 113-98-4, comparative indices used for the evaluation of the similarity and difference between two dissolution profiles were also calculated to better verify the monitoring of lots for stability. The results are presented inChina Fitness Equipment Supplier Gym Exercise Machine Rotary Torso Sm-8010.
TABLE VF1 and F2 factors for all of the batches compared with R023 at t=0, t=90, t=180, t=270 and t=360 days of study
| Days of study | Factor | Batches | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R023* | P0020020910 | MEST01 | MEST02 | ||
| Beginning (t=0) | F1 | - | 9.02 | 4.84 | 6.65 |
| F2 | - | 50.31 | 67.51 | 58.32 | |
| 90 | F1 | 0.97 | 9.87 | 4.52 | 7.49 |
| F2 | 95.99 | 48.98 | 68.20 | 56.15 | |
| 180 | F1 | 5.72 | 15.01 | 11.12 | 12.79 |
| F2 | 51.56 | 41.41 | 46.76 | 45.21 | |
| 270 | F1 | 6.09 | 15.58 | 10.57 | 12.60 |
| F2 | 50.59 | 40.64 | 46.88 | 45.33 | |
| 360 | F1 | 6.00 | 15.13 | 10.35 | 12.61 |
| F2 | 50.79 | 41.94 | 47.90 | 45.67 | |
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Batch P0020020910 exhibited an average release rate that was greater than 85% within 15 minutes for all time points in the stability profile,Automatic Efficiently Groundnut Oil Centrifuge Filter Machine and Sunflower Oil Centrifuge Filter. Lots MEST01 and MEST02 exhibited comparable behaviours to batch P0020020910 at all times. Therefore, in a manner analogous to the above analysis, it is concluded that these batches maintained their respective dissolution profiles compared with those obtained at time zero.
Although batch R023 presented an average release rate exceeding 85%High Current Output Signal Isolators DIN1X1 L-A4-P2-O4, the results presented inElectronic High Frequency Spot Soldering Welding Machine Welderand Figure 24 indicate that this batch underwent a significant change in its dissolution profile. This change began at t = 180 and remained at t = 270 and t = 360,280mm Pattern Beautiful Biodegradable Lady Sanitary Pad with Air-Laid Paper.5%, 6.6% and 6.7%, respectively, was observed.IP68 Multi or Part Turn Intelligent Switch-Type Regulating Electric Actuator for Butterfly Valve= 0 and t = 90, which were 29.9% and 28.8%, respectively, within five minutes. It is possible that the reduction in the dissolution rate is associated with the increase in the disintegration time of the batch as discussed in the results of the disintegration study.
Comparison of dissolution profiles is a useful tool when the behaviour of two drugs must be known before conducting a study of relative bioavailability/bioequivalence or pharmaceutical equivalence to claim exemption from such studies or for a possible post-registration change (Decorative Metal Ring Mesh for Hotel Ceiling and Curtain Mesh, 2011; 2010). However,Hot Sale ASTM A36 Rectangular Steel Tube Rectangular Tube Sizes Philippines, this comparison enables the evaluation of whether a formulation that has an initial dissolution profile equivalent to another formulation maintains that status throughout its shelf life.
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All batches of 20-mg prednisone tablets submitted to the study met the acceptance criteria established in the official monograph (SMD5050 LED Strip 1 Meters 60LEDs PIR Motion Sensor LED Cabinet Closet Kitchen Bedroom Light, 2010), which must have a dissolution rate greater than 80% after 30 minutes of the test.1~20mm Continous Batch Number and Expiry Date Inkjet Printer, it is not necessary to calculate factor F1 or F2 for drugs of high solubility and rapid dissolution formulations. Therefore, batches P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02 maintained their dissolution profiles equivalent to that of batch of R023 because these batches exhibited a dissolution that was greater than 85% for the first 15 minutes (Decorative Metal Ring Mesh for Hotel Ceiling and Curtain Mesh, 2010). However,Carbon Steel Hex Socket Allen Square Flat Head Machine Screw,Panfeng Bottled Water Beer Beverage Combo Cold Drink Vending Machine Coffee, MEST01 and MEST02 (Luxury Custom Eco Friendly Clear Magnetic Foldable Black Small Box)Round Knife Cutter Cloth Cutting Machine Textile Cutting Machine. Of note, such a reduction was more directly related to the different profile of the reference product than to the problems or discrepancies in test batches.
In the literature, some studies comparing the dissolution profile of generics and their reference medicines are reported.Two Lines 60 Degree 90 Degree Optical Acrylic PMMA LED Strip Lighting Lens) compared 10 brands of paracetamol tablets produced in Argentina. They concluded that despite the tablets fulfilling all pharmacopeial requirements, they exhibited a remarkable difference in dissolution profiles.Birkom Damper 10m City Bus Commercial Vehicle Shock Absorber Air Suspension System Parts) evaluated the dissolution profiles of five generic 500 mg dipyrone tablets and concluded that none were equivalent to the reference drug product.
Similarly,Single Mode 100g 400g Qsfp Transceiver Module) analysed 8 brands of 750-China Ceramic Coffee Enamel Christmas Gift Sublimation Tea Marble Ceramics Mug. The authors warned that unequivalence could interfere with the interchangeability of the reference medicine by the generic.
To highlight the relevance of this result, we made a specific evaluation of the dissolution stability of the reference drug product. Thus, all stability points of the batch R023 were compared with its own initial time. This type of evaluation has been reported byCan Be Customized Compound Drainage Overflow Swimming Pool Grating)Hot Sale Metal Tube / Plate Fiber Cutting Machine / Fiber Laser Cutter-life. Most regulatory recommendations (OEM Stainless Steel Metal Sheet Stamping Parts) exclusively claim the dissolution results for registration but not the dissolution profile.
As noted inWidely Angle PIR Fresnel Lens Optional Functions (HW8003-2),Kingtons Mini Mod 900mAh Ecig 070 Vape Kit with Ceramic Heating Chamber,Tamper Proof Destructible Vinyl Fragile Eggshell Paper Material. However, F2 was reduced from 95.99 at 90 days to 50.79 in one year, which is at the borderline of the approval limit. In the next stability point, the drug would likely be disapproved. Given that the shelf-life declared in the package of the medicine is 2 years, it can be questioned whether a patient taking this product close to this time is actually consuming a medicine with assured quality and clinical efficiency. Thus, the previous warning can also be expanded to the dissolution stability of the reference products themselves, which is of high relevance in terms of public health.
CONCLUSION
All techniques used in the characterization of prednisone samples A and B were helpful, providing information that indicated that both samples presented the same crystalline form and did not undergo transition over the stability study. The evaluation of batches of prednisone tablets throughout the stability study indicated that they all exhibit very rapid dissolution. Notably, when analysed individually, the dissolution profiles of all batches, except R023,High Quality Diesel Fuel Filter Water Separator for Racor Truck 900fg. The variation in the dissolution results provided by the reference product could harm the registration of a generic product if regulators require this assessment. It is important to warn regulatory agencies to evaluate this criterion as part of the proof of quality of a medicinal product.
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