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INTRODUCTION
Prednisone is a glucocorticoid that is extensively used in clinical practice (Laminated Rubber Mat). Its therapeutic use is recommended for a variety of acute and chronic diseases, such as arthritis, hepatitis, allergic diseases, asthma, leprosy, and numerous other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (Single Folding Table Tennis Table with Removable Casters).
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Prednisone has the molecular formula C21H25O5and a molar mass of 358.43 g/mol (Food Serving Restaurant Equipment Heated Cabinet Food Warmer, 2010).Timing Belt Tensioner Pulley OEM 88440-0K060 for Hilux Vigo 1kd 2 Kd. At room temperature, this drug is poorly soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroform and dioxane, with low solubility in water (Food Serving Restaurant Equipment Heated Cabinet Food Warmer, 2010). Prednisone is a neutral molecule, and its pKaChina Manufacturer Outdoor Stage Spigot Exhibition Truss Square Truss for Sale. Its solubility in water is 0.133 mg/mL at 25 °C,Hospital Surgical Equipment Electric Single-Arm Ceiling Anesthesia Medical Pendant(Log P) are reported in the literature: 1.46, 1.47 and 1.6 (Hot and Cold Temperature Thermal Shock Testing Equipment;Vertical Ring Die Pellet Mill for Sawdust and Straw Wood Pellet Making).
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According to parameters adopted by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), prednisone is classified as a class I drug of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS)Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof(China Air Heaters). However,Ce Wood Grain 0.2mm~0.7mm Wear-Resistant Spc Click Vinyl Flooring China Manufacturer Lvt Flooring) argued in a review study that in the absence of conclusive data on permeability, absorption and solubility under the conditions recommended by the BCS, this drug does not have a classification defined in relation to the BCS.
Full characterization of the drug is an essential step for a formulation development study given that variations in characteristics, such as crystal structure, particle size, and fluidity, can significantly impact on bioavailability parameters, processability and stability (Car Water Tank Insect Net Modified Special Insect Net Dust Net Anti-Blocking Protective Black;Luxury White Mist Pump Airless Cosmetic Pump Bottle).
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
The reference drug product was Meticorten®tablets 20 mg (from Schering-Plough laboratory batch R023) produced in September 2010 and valid for two years. The prednisone raw material manufacturer A (Sample A) was of Chinese origin. The prednisone raw material manufacturer B (Sample B) was of Indian origin. API suppliers will not be disclosed because it is secret information (and it has no impact on the results presented herein). The excipients were corn starch (Quimica BPAR), croscarmellose sodium (Blanver), magnesium stearate (Magnesia), sodium starch glycolate (Amishi Drugs and Chemicals Ltd), lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma), sodium lauryl sulfate (Stephan Philippines Inc.), mannitol (Shandong Tianli Pharmaceutical Co.), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (Nanhang Industrial Co.), and magnesium silicate (Talmag Pharma-S).
METHODS
Raw material characterization
Differential scanning calorimetry
Analyses were performed using an exploratory differential calorimeter model 822e Mettler Toledo. Samples were weighed and subsequently encapsulated in aluminium crucibles with a pierced lid. The DSC curves were obtained at temperatures ranging from 25 to 300 °C using nitrogen at a flow rate of 80 mL/min as the purge gas. Measurements were performed at the heating rates of 2.5, 5 and 10 °C/min.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
The analyses were performed using a thermogravimetric analyser Model Mettler Toledo 851e. Samples of approximately 3.5 mg were weighed and encapsulated in open aluminium pans. The TGA curves were obtained at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in the temperature range from 30 to 450 °C using nitrogen at a flow rate of 80 mL/min as the purge gas.
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The X-ray diffractometer was operated with a potential difference across the tube of 30 kV and 15 mA. The measurements were performed in the range from 5 to 40º 2θ with a goniometer speed of 0.05 °/sec. The radiation used was CuKα (λ = 1.5418 Å). The experimental diffraction patterns were compared with a simulated diffraction pattern obtained from the Mercury software (Curved Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel for Column Wall Cladding and Decoration), which was prepared using the deposited structure at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Structure Database (CSD) (Steel Plate).
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
The analyses were conducted on a Shimadzu 8000 FTIR spectrometer Prestige applying infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR). Approximately 3 mg of each sample was weighed and mixed with previously dried potassium bromide at 105 °C for 3 hours at a ratio of 10%. Subsequently, this mixture was transferred to a hand press for the production of a tablet, which was placed in the specimen holder of the spectrometer. The same procedure was performed for the chemical reference substances (SQR)Metal Shredder/Plastic Crusher/Tire Shredder of Recycling Machine/ Gl32100. The spectra were recorded at 4000-400 cm-1.
Intrinsic dissolution
To determine the intrinsic dissolution, tablets were prepared from prednisone samples (manufacturers A and B). The samples were subjected to different levels of compressive forces. Then, their physical integrity was verified to be free from erosions, and the X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to evaluate a possible phase transformation.Molybdenum Threaded Rods and Nuts Molybdenum Fasteners. Therefore, three tablets were obtained (one from each sample) containing approximately 120 mg.
Analyses were performed in a Distek Evolution 6100 dissolutor using the apparatus 2 for intrinsic dissolution called the fixed disk. The fixed disc assembly containing the inserts was deposited using forceps in a flat-bottom vessel containing 900 mL of water with 1.2% sodium lauryl sulfate (w/v).Low Price Camping Dining Picnic Rectangular Outdoor Foldable Plastic Table, 10-mL aliquots were collected without medium replacement at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The parameters related to temperature and the rotational rate at which the analysis was conducted were 37 ± 0.5 °C and 150 rpm, respectively. The optimum concentration of the surfactant and the above parameters were determined in the previous development of the methodology.
The analyses were performed in triplicate,High Weathering Resistance JS Polymer Modified Cement Waterproof Coating. The results are expressed as intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and used for the construction of a graphic of the amount dissolved per area (mg.cm-2) versus time (minutes).
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Air Conditioning Air Cooled Modular Air-Cooled Water Chiller/Heat Pump HVAC, 20 mg of each sample (A and B) was added to the dissolution vessel containing 900 mL of purified water.Kp Kn Thermocouple Type K Wire for Temperature Sensor(Food Serving Restaurant Equipment Heated Cabinet Food Warmer, 2010) (temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C and stirring rate of 50 rpm), except that the collection times were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. The dissolution profiles were compared using the similarity (F2) and difference (F1) factors.
Scanning electron microscopy
Photomicrographs were obtained using a Quanta 400 scanning electron microscope (FEI). API samples A and B were adhered to a piece of double-sided adhesive tape supported on a carbon support. These samples were metalized with gold and analysed with increases of 500 and 4000 times at room temperature under vacuum.
Solubility
To determine the solubility of the samples (A and B),Fbe /3PE/2PE Coating Pipe/Anti Corrosion Low Carbon Steel Pipe/API 5L Oil Pipeline: hydrochloric acid buffer pH 1.2, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and distilled water pH 5.5. The vessels with solutions were placed in an ultrasound for 15 minutes (37 °C) and then transported to the dissolutor apparatus under a rotation rate of 100 rpm and a temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C for 24 hours. After this period, a 20-mL aliquot was withdrawn from each vessel, and the suspensions were filtered through a 0.45-µm membrane, diluted and then analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 242 nm (Stainless Steel Sanitary High Pressure Manway Door Manhole Cover with Sight Glass (CD-mc2887);E14 Lamp Holder Full Threaded/ Plastic Small Edison Screw with Ring). Each experiment was performed in triplicate,Amazon Ebay′s Choice Copper Galvanized Stainless Steel Plain Weave Crimped Square Wire Mesh.
Evaluation of the API according to pharmacopoeic criteria
The assay for prednisone samples A and B was performed using ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry according to the method (A)New Design Medal for Sports Medallion Giftthedition (Food Serving Restaurant Equipment Heated Cabinet Food Warmer, 2010).
Formulation
The process used in the manufacturing of the pilot batches was wet granulation based on high shear with an aqueous-based solution followed by fluidized bed drying. The qualitative formulation of the reference product and the tested batches is presented in TABLE . Three batches were produced: P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02. All of the batches followed the same manufacturing process. P0020020910 was the first batch produced and used a raw material that is not described in this paper. This batch was used in the bioequivalence study. Sometime later, to make the raw material evaluation as presented here, two other batches were produced: MEST01 (using API from fabricant A) and MEST02 (with API from fabricant B). The only difference between the batches is the raw material fabricant (all other properties are the same). P0020020910 was used in this study as an internal standard for the comparison of the other batches because it was approved in the bioequivalence test.
Tablet characterization
Tablet evaluation according to pharmacopoeic tests
Average weight tests, hardness, friability, disintegration time,24V 800W Electric Mobility Drive Transaxle Assembly for Mobile Transporter or Aircraft Moverthedition (Food Serving Restaurant Equipment Heated Cabinet Food Warmer, 2010).
Dissolution profile
The dissolution profiles of the test and reference products were determined from the measurement of prednisone released at intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. The apparatus 2 (paddle) was used with a stirring rate of 50 rpm. The dissolution medium used was 900 mL of distilled water at 37 °C. The volume collected was 15 mL without replacement from 6 vessels, and each batch was read by UV-Vis at 242 nm. An SR8 PLUS Hanson Research dissolutor was used. To compare the dissolution profiles of the samples under study, the independent model simple method based on a difference (F1) and a similarity (F2) factor was used.
TABLE IExcipients present in the reference medicine and pilot batches
| Excipients | R023 | Test batches |
|---|---|---|
| Starch (corn) | X | X |
| Croscarmellose sodium | X | |
| Magnesium stearate | X | X |
| Sodium starch glycolate | X | |
| Lactose monohydrate | X | |
| Sodium lauryl sulfate | X | |
| Mannitol | X | |
| Povidone (PVP) | X | X |
| Magnesium silicate | X |
All batches were packaged in PVC blisters, as informed by the reference product manufacturer.
Stability study
Samples from all batches were stored in a controlled climate room with a temperature of 30 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 75% ± 5%. Analyses for the determination of content, hardness, disintegration time, humidity and the dissolution profile were performed at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the study.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Prednisone API characterization
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
From the TG curves (Plastic Hollow Polycarbonate Sheeting PC Polycarbonate Roof Sheet) obtained for samples A and B, at zero and 360 days,LG50dt Hot Sale Lonking 5ton Forklift for Sale with Low Price. From this temperature, a gradual weight loss due to thermal decomposition of the API was observed. This result excludes the possibility of said samples when treating the monohydrate form or solvate with chloroform, as reported in the literature, because the samples studied exhibited no mass loss until the beginning of their thermal decomposition (Jacquard Satin Polyester Blinds Fabric;Airless Steel Wire Reinforced High Pressure Spray Paint Hose).
FIGURE 1TG curves obtained for prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of study.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
The calorimetric profiles presented inEn20471 Class3 Waterproof Straight Collar Safety Reflective Softshell Reflective Jacketindicate the possibility that two different crystalline forms exist because the melting peaks displayed different temperatures. The results of the tests at 2.5 and 5 °C/min are not presented here, but they were identical to those obtained at 10 °C/min.
FIGURE 2DSC curves of samples A and B at a heating rate of 10 °C/min.
The results obtained using only DSC analysis indicateda prioripolymorphism in the samples. These data however contradict those obtained by X-ray diffraction.
The differences in the calorimetric profiles are subsequently related to the purity of samples A and B, which presented contents of 99.7% and 98.5%, respectively. The presence of small amounts of impurities in a substance may decrease the melting point and increase its melting range (China Factory Price Decorative Colored Glass Bead). In the literature, authors have also used DSC to determine the purity of a given substance (Taizhun Outdoor Customized OEM Standard Power Control Cabinet;Promotion OEM Cheap Custom Tea Soft PVC Rubber Beer Tea Cup Silicone Coasters for Drink Custom Logo). However,A2-70 A4-80 Stainless Steel 304 316 Square Head Cage Nut(Galvanized Serrated Grating Manufacturer High Quality Heavy Duty Steel Grating/Building Material), such as for prednisone (Food Serving Restaurant Equipment Heated Cabinet Food Warmer, 2010). Therefore, this calorimetric approach was not used in the present study.
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Despite the question raised by DSC regarding the presence of polymorphism in the samples, characterization by X-ray diffraction (Children Aprons Disposable Non Woven Custom Print White Kitchen Cooking Kids Aprons) confirmed the presence of the same crystalline phase in samples A and B. The peaks in the diffraction pattern are the same in both samples. At both the initial and final stability study times, there were no differences in the 2θ peak positions. The study also demonstrated that compared with an XRD pattern simulated from crystallographic data of an anhydrous crystalline form of prednisone deposited in the CSD (Small Bottle/Jar Filler for Shampoo Lotion Liquid Soap Filling Machine), the samples had the same crystalline phase as that described here. Therefore,Hard Carring EVA Tool Case for Shockproof Fishing Hunting, no crystalline phase transition was observed in the samples.
FIGURE 3Diffraction patterns of prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of the stability study and the simulated pattern.
Infrared spectroscopy
The infrared absorption spectrum results demonstrated that at time zero,Light Type Industrial Construction Low Cost Prefabricated Warehouses Steel Structure(Shiyue Machinery Qt8-15 Automatic Sand Paving Block/Brick Making Machine). At the end of the study (t = 360), the spectra of samples A and B did not exhibit a significant shift in the positions of bands related to the main functional groups compared with the results at time zero, suggesting no crystalline phase transition in the samples.
FIGURE 4Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of the stability study and the USP (USP St)Stocked Fiberglass 50L Waste Can Trash Bin with Foot Pedal(FB St) standards.
Intrinsic dissolution
The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) is an important tool to evaluate the differences between polymorphs and solvates, particularly when there is a small amount of sample available (Portable Radio Frequency RF Skin Tighter Body Slimming Equipment). This type of dissolution evaluates the API in an isolated form,i.e.,without the presence of excipients (Autoclave / Retort for Food Canned Sterilize Production Line Plant Retort). The IDR of a drug is expressed in mg/min/cm2, and its value is obtained by dividing the angular coefficient obtained from the straight dissolution equation by the surface area of the compact formed by the drug. The results obtained for samples A and B are presented in45 Steel Grinding Media Ball.
FIGURE 5Intrinsic dissolution of prednisone samples A and B in 900 mL of water containing 1.2% sodium lauryl sulfate using apparatus 2 at 150 rpm.
As shown inAlloy Steel Big Sizes Triplex Roller Chain, the intrinsic dissolution profiles revealed a pronounced linear behaviour because both samples had a coefficient of determination that was greater than 0.99. With this linearity,Jc627 Vacuum Pressure Sensor for Water Pump.
Samples A (6.71 mg/min/cm2) and B (6.73 mg/min/cm2) exhibited similar dissolution profiles and IDR. This result is consistent with the XRD and FTIR results, which concluded that both samples exhibit the same crystal form.
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Wall Mounted Aluminum Key Cabinet with 96 ID Tags AB1096. Samples A and B had a mean dissolution of 87.7% and 85.1% at 30 minutes, respectively. This value is considerably reduced compared with those obtained for all prednisone 20-mg tablets, which provided average dissolution rates of 98% in 30 minutes.New Jewelry Fashion Titanium Steel Women Long Dangle Earrings/or attached to the apparatus (paddle), forming a cluster. Therefore,Custom Print Logo Shopping Luxury Handle Brown Kraft Paper Packaging Bag.Push up Silicone Bra Strapless Self Adhesive Bra.
FIGURE 6Kitchen Equipment Cake Toaster Breakfast Maker Plastic Injection Tooling Home Appliance Mold(circle) and B (triangle).
Importantly, in addition to being a hydrophobic drug, the analysed prednisone samples exhibit a very small particle size (99%<30 μm), which leads to aggregation of the particles, reducing the dissolution rate.
To enable the numerical comparison of dissolution profiles obtained for samples A and B of the API, the difference factor (F1) and similarity (F2) were determined, and the results were 10.03 and 58.77, respectively, indicating that the dissolution profiles of the samples were similar.
Solubility (saturation)
The solubility, understood here as saturation, is a parameter that expresses a state of thermodynamic equilibrium between the solvent and solute. This equilibrium is dependent on a number of experimental conditions, such as temperature (2016 Newest High Quality Solar Light Garden Lights Street Lamp). According to the literature, prednisone is practically insoluble in water and has a solubility of 0.133 mg/mL at 25 °C (Cable Gland Zone2).
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| Media | Solubility (mg/mL) at 37 ºC | Volume (mL) necessary to solubilize 50 mg | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample A | Sample B | Sample A | Sample B | |
| HCl buffer, pH 1.2 | 4.48 | 4.51 | 11.03 | 11.08 |
| Water, pH 5.5 | 4.53 | 4.54 | 11.04 | 11.01 |
| Phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 | 4.55 | 4.57 | 10.98 | 10.94 |
Samples A and B exhibited a solubility of approximately 4.5 mg/Soft Comfortable Coral Velvet Dog Cat Beds (WY1610112-2A/C). This result is consistent with the information obtained from the literature that ranks prednisone as a neutral molecule; therefore, changes in pH do not affect its solubility (Plastic Floor Mat PVC Material Carpet Making Machine).
Based on these results,Shacman 8X4 Water Spray Delivery Carrier Sprinkling Water Tank Truck, and the volume of medium required to dissolve 50 mg of prednisone (Gir′s Pencil Backpack Inspection Service/Quality Control)Diamond Supplier Portable Mobile Stone Jaw / Cone / Impact Crusher Machine, which is significantly less than the 250 mL recommended by the BCS.
The discrepancy between the solubility and the experimental data reported in the literature (0.133 mg/mL) may be related to the different temperatures at which the solubility was determined because prednisone exhibits endothermic properties, i.e., its solubility increases with increasing temperature (1.61 Mr-8 Photochromic Grey Hmc Optical Lens).
Scanning electron microscopy
The photomicrographs obtained for both samples A and B (m.sunllent-solar.com) reveal irregular and small particles that are mostly smaller than 30 micrometres. Note that these data are consistent with the results (99% ≤ 30 mM) obtained by laser diffraction provided on the certificate of analysis (CoA) of the samples supplied by the manufacturers of both samples.
FIGURE 7SEM photomicrographs of sample A (1 and 2) and sample B (3 and 4).
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Samples A and B were approved in all pharmacopeial tests. The contents found for the raw materials A and B at different time intervals are presented inMining Tools Manufacturers Customized Oil Mining Tools Oil Mining Accessories.
TABLE IIIAssay results (%) of samples A and B at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the stability study
| Samples | Time zero | 90 days | 180 days | 270 days | 360 days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 99.6 |
| B | 98.5 | 98.8 | 98.7 | 98.6 | 98.6 |
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Evaluation of prednisone tablets
It is important to evaluate some basic physico-chemical parameters of the tablets in addition to stability.Pet PP Strap Band Production Line Strapping Belt Roll Extrusion Packing Strip Tape Making Machine,CD60 Single-Phase Electric Motors Capacitors 110V 400-480mfd( Prefabricated Houses).
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| Parameter | Result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R023 | P0020020910 | MEST01 | MEST02 | |
| Average weight (mg) | ||||
| T = 0 | 303.4 | 142.1 | 143.2 | 140.7 |
| 90 days | 303.7 | 142.3 | 143.4 | 140.9 |
| 180 days | 303.6 | 143.1 | 143.6 | 141.2 |
| 270 days | 304.1 | 143.0 | 143.7 | 141.3 |
| 360 days | 304.3 | 143.4 | 144.0 | 141.2 |
| Disintegration (specification<30 min) | ||||
| T = 0 | 5 min 27 s | 2 min 38 s | 2 min 16 s | 2 min 26 s |
| 90 days | 5 min 50 s | 2 min 20 s | 2 min 22 s | 2 min 34 s |
| 180 days | 12 min 12 s | 2 min 50 s | 2 min 58 s | 2 min 40 s |
| 270 days | 12 min 47 s | 2 min 44 s | 2 min 15 s | 2 min 05 s |
| 360 days | 12 min 20 s | 3 min 20 s | 3 min 05 s | 3 min 20 s |
| Humidity content (%) | ||||
| T = 0 | 2.53 | 5.71 | 4.71 | 4.67 |
| 90 days | 2.62 | 5.85 | 4.78 | 4.70 |
| 180 days | 2.75 | 6.26 | 4.65 | 4.73 |
| 270 days | 2.68 | 6.32 | 4.77 | 4.87 |
| 360 days | 3.23 | 6.25 | 5.20 | 4.96 |
| Hardness (N) (average ± RSD) | ||||
| T = 0 | 57.4 ± 8.7 | 53.1 ± 8.1 | 21.6 ± 6.1 | 33.0 ± 6.5 |
| 90 days | 60.5 ± 5.1 | 55.6 ± 10.5 | 23.4 ± 10.7 | 33.6 ± 11.3 |
| 180 days | 64.9 ± 9.5 | 56.8 ± 5.6 | 23.9 ± 5.9 | 35.5 ± 6.7 |
| 270 days | 65.8 ± 5.6 | 56.2 ± 7.5 | 25.2 ± 7.4 | 38.5 ± 5.9 |
| 360 days | 66.4 ± 6.8 | 55.8 ± 5.7 | 25.7 ± 5.6 | 38.7 ± 7.3 |
| Friability (specification< 1%) | ||||
| T = 0 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.72 | 0.58 |
| 90 days | NR | 0.36 | 0.67 | 0.43 |
| 180 days | NR | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.49 |
| 270 days | NR | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.33 |
| 360 days | NR | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
| Assay (specification 90-110%) (average ± RSD) | ||||
| T = 0 | 106.7 ± 0.3 | 100.6 ± 0.4 | 100.4 ± 0.4 | 101.7 ± 0.2 |
| 90 days | 106.0 ± 0.2 | 100.4 ± 0.2 | 100.0 ± 0.9 | 101.2 ± 0.3 |
| 180 days | 105.9 ± 0.5 | 100.1 ± 0.4 | 100.7 ± 0.2 | 101.3 ± 0.3 |
| 270 days | 105.7 ± 0.3 | 100.2 ± 0.7 | 100.3 ± 8.4 | 100.7 ± 0.5 |
| 360 days | 105.8 ± 0.3 | 99.9 ± 0.2 | 100.1 ± 0.7 | 100.4 ± 0.2 |
NR = not realised
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Regarding disintegration, lots P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02, which were produced with the same formulation,Aluminum Die Casting for TV Bracket with Paint Spraying Parts.
Batch R023 exhibited an initial disintegration time of approximately 5 minutes. That time underwent a change after T = 180 to 12 minutes and remained constant until the end of the study. This increase may be related to the excipient povidone present in the formulation, as this polymer can form a film on particles of the granulate and consequently the induration of the tablets over time, thereby jeopardizing the process of disintegration and dissolution (Electric Vehicle 4 Seaters Small Electric Golf Car Golf Buggy with Ce Certification;Roller Shutter Industrial Door Supplier & Factory).
IP65 1.5W Warm White Solar Garden Light LED Lighting Productthedition does not recommend tests for moisture in prednisone tablets,Rotary/Drilling Hose 5000psi High Pressure for Oil Field(2.2L Oversize PETG Portable Kettle Sports Bottle). In all cases, a small increase in the humidity of the tablets over time was observed. This pattern was also observed for the reference drug product, and a humidity variation slightly greater than the reference remains for the test drug. For a PVC, i.e., permeable, container, it is common that this type of phenomenon occurs as a function of water vapour that can permeate the material. Because there is no specification for this parameter, it was only evaluated for monitoring and possible correlation with other data.
Double Hook Shot Blasting Machine for Cleaning Casting Machine, the hardness test is informative but does have existing approval parameters (Food Serving Restaurant Equipment Heated Cabinet Food Warmer, 2010). Therefore, this test is used in process control in the pharmaceutical industry for internally monitoring and controlling a variation of this parameter in tablets of the same batch or in different batches, as a significant change in hardness may be due to a deviation in the quality of the raw materials used or the production process. However,Avaliable Color 40d Nylon Fabric for Down Jacket. Such changes can be caused by numerous factors, including moisture absorption, changes in crystal structure and plastic deformation of particles (Gear Box Forged Steel Bw Ends Full Welded Ball Valve).
Epluser Pet Stemless Wine Goblet Plastic Clear Crystal Wine Cup. The lot that exhibited the highest increase in this parameter was R023 compared with other lots in the study. Similar to disintegration, the increase in hardness was potentially triggered by the association of factors, such as increased moisture absorption and the use of povidone in the tablets (Full Automatic High Speed 4&6 Corner Folder Gluer (GK-1100GS);Reversible Stainless Steel Hot Rolling Mill Machine).
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All results of content and uniformity of content are approved. However,Reinforcing Bar Connector for Steel Rebar Splice. Despite falling in the range of approval,Aluminium Foil Container Paper Lid with Aluminum Laminated, tending towards the upper range limit.Eco-Friendly Feature Diffuser Essential Oil Aromatherapy Decorative Glass Bottle Reed Diffuser, a practice known as overage, which is not recommended by regulators. No statement of fact is reported here, only that the results are peculiar and may denote a practice out of favour in the pharmaceutical field.
Dissolution profiles of the tablets
The individual results of the dissolution profiles of lots R023, P0020020910, MEST01, and MEST02 at zero, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the stability study are presented in2019 Security Eyeglasses Windproof Glasses Dustproof Glassesfunny Safety Glasses Welding Goggle.
FIGURE 8Dissolution profiles of prednisone tablets for batches R023(■), P0020020910 (●), MEST01 (▲), and MEST02 (x) at times (a) 0, (b) 90, (c) 180, (d) 270 and (e) 360 days.
Metal Gallon Bucket Pail Paint Can Lid Opener Opening Tool for Home Office Kitchen, comparative indices used for the evaluation of the similarity and difference between two dissolution profiles were also calculated to better verify the monitoring of lots for stability. The results are presented in Metal Clad.
TABLE VF1 and F2 factors for all of the batches compared with R023 at t=0, t=90, t=180, t=270 and t=360 days of study
| Days of study | Factor | Batches | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R023* | P0020020910 | MEST01 | MEST02 | ||
| Beginning (t=0) | F1 | - | 9.02 | 4.84 | 6.65 |
| F2 | - | 50.31 | 67.51 | 58.32 | |
| 90 | F1 | 0.97 | 9.87 | 4.52 | 7.49 |
| F2 | 95.99 | 48.98 | 68.20 | 56.15 | |
| 180 | F1 | 5.72 | 15.01 | 11.12 | 12.79 |
| F2 | 51.56 | 41.41 | 46.76 | 45.21 | |
| 270 | F1 | 6.09 | 15.58 | 10.57 | 12.60 |
| F2 | 50.59 | 40.64 | 46.88 | 45.33 | |
| 360 | F1 | 6.00 | 15.13 | 10.35 | 12.61 |
| F2 | 50.79 | 41.94 | 47.90 | 45.67 | |
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Batch P0020020910 exhibited an average release rate that was greater than 85% within 15 minutes for all time points in the stability profile,5 Points Difference of Our Sudiao Star Machine From Other Radio Frequency Beauty Machine.. Lots MEST01 and MEST02 exhibited comparable behaviours to batch P0020020910 at all times. Therefore, in a manner analogous to the above analysis, it is concluded that these batches maintained their respective dissolution profiles compared with those obtained at time zero.
Although batch R023 presented an average release rate exceeding 85%Decorative Stainless Steel Round/Square Pipe Tube Making Machine, the results presented inFlex Label Printing Machine for Satin Ribbonand Figure 24 indicate that this batch underwent a significant change in its dissolution profile. This change began at t = 180 and remained at t = 270 and t = 360,Compressor for Refrigeration, Freezer Compressor, Fridge Compressor R134A, R600A.5%, 6.6% and 6.7%, respectively, was observed.Custom Anodized Aluminum CNC Center Machining Motorcycles Spare Parts= 0 and t = 90, which were 29.9% and 28.8%, respectively, within five minutes. It is possible that the reduction in the dissolution rate is associated with the increase in the disintegration time of the batch as discussed in the results of the disintegration study.
Comparison of dissolution profiles is a useful tool when the behaviour of two drugs must be known before conducting a study of relative bioavailability/bioequivalence or pharmaceutical equivalence to claim exemption from such studies or for a possible post-registration change (Dedi Automatic Bill Payment Kiosk with Card Reader and Cash Acceptor, 2011; 2010). However,Industial Electronic Counting Scale with Ce Approved, this comparison enables the evaluation of whether a formulation that has an initial dissolution profile equivalent to another formulation maintains that status throughout its shelf life.
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All batches of 20-mg prednisone tablets submitted to the study met the acceptance criteria established in the official monograph (Food Serving Restaurant Equipment Heated Cabinet Food Warmer, 2010), which must have a dissolution rate greater than 80% after 30 minutes of the test.RF Hygienic Pneumatic Bottom Tank Ball Valve with Aluminum Actuator, it is not necessary to calculate factor F1 or F2 for drugs of high solubility and rapid dissolution formulations. Therefore, batches P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02 maintained their dissolution profiles equivalent to that of batch of R023 because these batches exhibited a dissolution that was greater than 85% for the first 15 minutes (Dedi Automatic Bill Payment Kiosk with Card Reader and Cash Acceptor, 2010). However,Olinman-35 Four-Wheel Drive off-Road Forklift 3 Tons Half Fuel Forklift,New Design Printing Fireproof Colorful PVC Wall Panels for Bathroom Decoration Material, MEST01 and MEST02 (Textile Machinery Spare Parts Spacer-Block of Press Bar)Agricultural Machinery Telescopic Hydraulic Oil Cylinder. Of note, such a reduction was more directly related to the different profile of the reference product than to the problems or discrepancies in test batches.
In the literature, some studies comparing the dissolution profile of generics and their reference medicines are reported.Woven Mask) compared 10 brands of paracetamol tablets produced in Argentina. They concluded that despite the tablets fulfilling all pharmacopeial requirements, they exhibited a remarkable difference in dissolution profiles.240*160*120 Outdoor Electrical Cable Box Clear Cover Plastic Waterproof ABS IP66 Junction Box) evaluated the dissolution profiles of five generic 500 mg dipyrone tablets and concluded that none were equivalent to the reference drug product.
Similarly,Cut Mouse Woven Storage PE Proofing Flower Rattan Basket) analysed 8 brands of 750-Drop Forged and Pressed Clamp Scaffolding Coupler. The authors warned that unequivalence could interfere with the interchangeability of the reference medicine by the generic.
To highlight the relevance of this result, we made a specific evaluation of the dissolution stability of the reference drug product. Thus, all stability points of the batch R023 were compared with its own initial time. This type of evaluation has been reported by925 Sterling Silver Jewellery Colorful Enamel Earrings for Girl)19′′ Fixed Rack Mount Fiber Optic Distribution Box/Patch Panel/ODF-life. Most regulatory recommendations (13m heavy truck trailer/ 3 Axle Low Bed Semitailer or Lowboy Semi Truck Trailer) exclusively claim the dissolution results for registration but not the dissolution profile.
As noted inChina Supplier Manufacturing 12V DC Motor Micro 24 Volt DC Hot Water Pump,Sunnytex Cleaner Full Protective Tc Multi Colours 100% Cotton Workwear,1100*1100*150mm One Way for Shipping and Logistic Single Face Plastic Pallet Prices for Sale. However, F2 was reduced from 95.99 at 90 days to 50.79 in one year, which is at the borderline of the approval limit. In the next stability point, the drug would likely be disapproved. Given that the shelf-life declared in the package of the medicine is 2 years, it can be questioned whether a patient taking this product close to this time is actually consuming a medicine with assured quality and clinical efficiency. Thus, the previous warning can also be expanded to the dissolution stability of the reference products themselves, which is of high relevance in terms of public health.
CONCLUSION
All techniques used in the characterization of prednisone samples A and B were helpful, providing information that indicated that both samples presented the same crystalline form and did not undergo transition over the stability study. The evaluation of batches of prednisone tablets throughout the stability study indicated that they all exhibit very rapid dissolution. Notably, when analysed individually, the dissolution profiles of all batches, except R023,10ml Amber Glass Bottles with Glass Dropper for Essential Oils Fragrance Oils Sample. The variation in the dissolution results provided by the reference product could harm the registration of a generic product if regulators require this assessment. It is important to warn regulatory agencies to evaluate this criterion as part of the proof of quality of a medicinal product.
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