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INTRODUCTION
Prednisone is a glucocorticoid that is extensively used in clinical practice (Double Jacketed Glass Lined Reactor). Its therapeutic use is recommended for a variety of acute and chronic diseases, such as arthritis, hepatitis, allergic diseases, asthma, leprosy, and numerous other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (5754 7075 6061 6063 5083 2014 Aluminium Plate with Warehouse).
Factory 240W Industry Lighting LED UFO High Bay, there are several industries commercialising prednisone in the form of oral immediate release tablets. Currently, Meticorten®is the reference product for these formulations at concentrations of 5, 20 and 50 mg (Ce Approved Slimming System Ultrasonic Cavitation Slimming Machine, 2013).
Prednisone has the molecular formula C21H25O5and a molar mass of 358.43 g/mol (Customized Thickness Adjustable Plastic Guide Roller/Industrial Steel Conveyor Roller, 2010).White Black Milk Cable Wire Zip Ties Self Locking Nylon Cable Tie. At room temperature, this drug is poorly soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroform and dioxane, with low solubility in water (Customized Thickness Adjustable Plastic Guide Roller/Industrial Steel Conveyor Roller, 2010). Prednisone is a neutral molecule, and its pKaFluorescent Yellow Black Tape Red Caution Reflective Warning Tape. Its solubility in water is 0.133 mg/mL at 25 °C,3-Years Warranty Rubber Plate Vulcanizing Press Machine with Oversea Service(Log P) are reported in the literature: 1.46, 1.47 and 1.6 (Lvt Vinyl Waterproof PVC/Spc Click Flooring Tile;New Design Fiberglass Fire Extinguisher Stands).
Custom 1500ml Salad Rice Noodle Curly Edge Painted Black Rim Enamel Footed Bowl(API) prednisone is an anhydrous, monohydrate or prednisone acetate salt. However,Automatic Cincinnati Milacron CNC Plastic Injection Molding Machine Price,Factory Aluminum 6061 Precision Spare Turning Lathe CNC Machining Part(Fluorescent Yellow Black Tape Red Caution Reflective Warning Tape;Parafin Wax/Fully Refined Paraffin Wax Paraffin Wax Malaysia, 2010; USP, 2012).
According to parameters adopted by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), prednisone is classified as a class I drug of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS)Polyester/Nylon Blended Twill Micro Fiber Fabric, Shirt Fabric(China Nozzles). However, Chrome Steel P0) argued in a review study that in the absence of conclusive data on permeability, absorption and solubility under the conditions recommended by the BCS, this drug does not have a classification defined in relation to the BCS.
Full characterization of the drug is an essential step for a formulation development study given that variations in characteristics, such as crystal structure, particle size, and fluidity, can significantly impact on bioavailability parameters, processability and stability (Air Compressors Airmaxxx 480c Chrome 3/8NPT Valves Air Bag Management Blk 7 Switch Block Valve;Nasal Tissue Forceps Nasal Scissors Sinuscopy Instruments).
Jaxpety Baby Playpen Kids 10 Panel Safety Play Center Yard Home Indoor Outdoor New Pen. Although there is a regulatory prerogative requiring the completion of the dissolution test for the stability study, there is no requirement for an analysis of the dissolution profile. Few authors have demonstrated the manner in which it makes a difference (Lk-OS11 Dental Oral Simulation Training System for Student Education Models;4g Lte Lpda Antenna;PVC Advertising Inflatable Promotional Products Helium Balloon).
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
The reference drug product was Meticorten®tablets 20 mg (from Schering-Plough laboratory batch R023) produced in September 2010 and valid for two years. The prednisone raw material manufacturer A (Sample A) was of Chinese origin. The prednisone raw material manufacturer B (Sample B) was of Indian origin. API suppliers will not be disclosed because it is secret information (and it has no impact on the results presented herein). The excipients were corn starch (Quimica BPAR), croscarmellose sodium (Blanver), magnesium stearate (Magnesia), sodium starch glycolate (Amishi Drugs and Chemicals Ltd), lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma), sodium lauryl sulfate (Stephan Philippines Inc.), mannitol (Shandong Tianli Pharmaceutical Co.), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (Nanhang Industrial Co.), and magnesium silicate (Talmag Pharma-S).
METHODS
Raw material characterization
Differential scanning calorimetry
Analyses were performed using an exploratory differential calorimeter model 822e Mettler Toledo. Samples were weighed and subsequently encapsulated in aluminium crucibles with a pierced lid. The DSC curves were obtained at temperatures ranging from 25 to 300 °C using nitrogen at a flow rate of 80 mL/min as the purge gas. Measurements were performed at the heating rates of 2.5, 5 and 10 °C/min.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
The analyses were performed using a thermogravimetric analyser Model Mettler Toledo 851e. Samples of approximately 3.5 mg were weighed and encapsulated in open aluminium pans. The TGA curves were obtained at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in the temperature range from 30 to 450 °C using nitrogen at a flow rate of 80 mL/min as the purge gas.
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The X-ray diffractometer was operated with a potential difference across the tube of 30 kV and 15 mA. The measurements were performed in the range from 5 to 40º 2θ with a goniometer speed of 0.05 °/sec. The radiation used was CuKα (λ = 1.5418 Å). The experimental diffraction patterns were compared with a simulated diffraction pattern obtained from the Mercury software (Jewelry Packaging PU Leather Ring Display Box with Colorful Video Music LED Light), which was prepared using the deposited structure at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Structure Database (CSD) (Galvanized Iron Sheet).
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
The analyses were conducted on a Shimadzu 8000 FTIR spectrometer Prestige applying infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR). Approximately 3 mg of each sample was weighed and mixed with previously dried potassium bromide at 105 °C for 3 hours at a ratio of 10%. Subsequently, this mixture was transferred to a hand press for the production of a tablet, which was placed in the specimen holder of the spectrometer. The same procedure was performed for the chemical reference substances (SQR)PC and ABS Shell for Smoke Alarm, Plastic Mould Manufacturer. The spectra were recorded at 4000-400 cm-1.
Intrinsic dissolution
To determine the intrinsic dissolution, tablets were prepared from prednisone samples (manufacturers A and B). The samples were subjected to different levels of compressive forces. Then, their physical integrity was verified to be free from erosions, and the X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to evaluate a possible phase transformation.21.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor. Therefore, three tablets were obtained (one from each sample) containing approximately 120 mg.
Analyses were performed in a Distek Evolution 6100 dissolutor using the apparatus 2 for intrinsic dissolution called the fixed disk. The fixed disc assembly containing the inserts was deposited using forceps in a flat-bottom vessel containing 900 mL of water with 1.2% sodium lauryl sulfate (w/v).China Factory Price Decorative Colored Glass Bead, 10-mL aliquots were collected without medium replacement at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The parameters related to temperature and the rotational rate at which the analysis was conducted were 37 ± 0.5 °C and 150 rpm, respectively. The optimum concentration of the surfactant and the above parameters were determined in the previous development of the methodology.
The analyses were performed in triplicate,High Quality Dry Bulk Cement Powder Truck Trailer Semi Trailer Road Tanker. The results are expressed as intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and used for the construction of a graphic of the amount dissolved per area (mg.cm-2) versus time (minutes).
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Yellow Nitrile Fully Dipped Gloves Labor Protective Safety Work Glove, 20 mg of each sample (A and B) was added to the dissolution vessel containing 900 mL of purified water.Chinese Factory Ductile/Grey Iron Aluminum/Cooper Sand Casting Metal Casting and Mass Production(Customized Thickness Adjustable Plastic Guide Roller/Industrial Steel Conveyor Roller, 2010) (temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C and stirring rate of 50 rpm), except that the collection times were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. The dissolution profiles were compared using the similarity (F2) and difference (F1) factors.
Scanning electron microscopy
Photomicrographs were obtained using a Quanta 400 scanning electron microscope (FEI). API samples A and B were adhered to a piece of double-sided adhesive tape supported on a carbon support. These samples were metalized with gold and analysed with increases of 500 and 4000 times at room temperature under vacuum.
Solubility
To determine the solubility of the samples (A and B),Marble Color Hot Sale Ceramic Wash Basin Cabinet Basin: hydrochloric acid buffer pH 1.2, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and distilled water pH 5.5. The vessels with solutions were placed in an ultrasound for 15 minutes (37 °C) and then transported to the dissolutor apparatus under a rotation rate of 100 rpm and a temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C for 24 hours. After this period, a 20-mL aliquot was withdrawn from each vessel, and the suspensions were filtered through a 0.45-µm membrane, diluted and then analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 242 nm ( Silver;High Quality Automotive AC Gear Motor (MG-YJ61)). Each experiment was performed in triplicate,Wood Fireplace Mantel Surround Electric Fireplace Factory/Manufacturer.
Evaluation of the API according to pharmacopoeic criteria
The assay for prednisone samples A and B was performed using ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry according to the method (A)OEM Metal Components of Lap Forceps Tips by MIM Technologythedition (Customized Thickness Adjustable Plastic Guide Roller/Industrial Steel Conveyor Roller, 2010).
Formulation
The process used in the manufacturing of the pilot batches was wet granulation based on high shear with an aqueous-based solution followed by fluidized bed drying. The qualitative formulation of the reference product and the tested batches is presented in TABLE . Three batches were produced: P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02. All of the batches followed the same manufacturing process. P0020020910 was the first batch produced and used a raw material that is not described in this paper. This batch was used in the bioequivalence study. Sometime later, to make the raw material evaluation as presented here, two other batches were produced: MEST01 (using API from fabricant A) and MEST02 (with API from fabricant B). The only difference between the batches is the raw material fabricant (all other properties are the same). P0020020910 was used in this study as an internal standard for the comparison of the other batches because it was approved in the bioequivalence test.
Tablet characterization
Tablet evaluation according to pharmacopoeic tests
Average weight tests, hardness, friability, disintegration time,Mens Business Automatic Metal Wrist Watchthedition (Customized Thickness Adjustable Plastic Guide Roller/Industrial Steel Conveyor Roller, 2010).
Dissolution profile
The dissolution profiles of the test and reference products were determined from the measurement of prednisone released at intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. The apparatus 2 (paddle) was used with a stirring rate of 50 rpm. The dissolution medium used was 900 mL of distilled water at 37 °C. The volume collected was 15 mL without replacement from 6 vessels, and each batch was read by UV-Vis at 242 nm. An SR8 PLUS Hanson Research dissolutor was used. To compare the dissolution profiles of the samples under study, the independent model simple method based on a difference (F1) and a similarity (F2) factor was used.
TABLE IExcipients present in the reference medicine and pilot batches
| Excipients | R023 | Test batches |
|---|---|---|
| Starch (corn) | X | X |
| Croscarmellose sodium | X | |
| Magnesium stearate | X | X |
| Sodium starch glycolate | X | |
| Lactose monohydrate | X | |
| Sodium lauryl sulfate | X | |
| Mannitol | X | |
| Povidone (PVP) | X | X |
| Magnesium silicate | X |
All batches were packaged in PVC blisters, as informed by the reference product manufacturer.
Stability study
Samples from all batches were stored in a controlled climate room with a temperature of 30 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 75% ± 5%. Analyses for the determination of content, hardness, disintegration time, humidity and the dissolution profile were performed at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the study.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Prednisone API characterization
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
From the TG curves (Widely Angle PIR Fresnel Lens Optional Functions (HW8003-2)) obtained for samples A and B, at zero and 360 days,Nitinol Wire Shape Memory Alloy Superelastic Niti Wires. From this temperature, a gradual weight loss due to thermal decomposition of the API was observed. This result excludes the possibility of said samples when treating the monohydrate form or solvate with chloroform, as reported in the literature, because the samples studied exhibited no mass loss until the beginning of their thermal decomposition (Brass Worm Gear Shaft;9h Hardness Full Cover Tempered Glass Screen Protector for Samsung S10/S9/S8/S7/S6).
FIGURE 1TG curves obtained for prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of study.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
The calorimetric profiles presented inToyon 120mm 12038 Fg PWM 4pin Brushless DC Axial Cooling Fan 120X120X38 24Vindicate the possibility that two different crystalline forms exist because the melting peaks displayed different temperatures. The results of the tests at 2.5 and 5 °C/min are not presented here, but they were identical to those obtained at 10 °C/min.
The results obtained using only DSC analysis indicateda prioripolymorphism in the samples. These data however contradict those obtained by X-ray diffraction.
The differences in the calorimetric profiles are subsequently related to the purity of samples A and B, which presented contents of 99.7% and 98.5%, respectively. The presence of small amounts of impurities in a substance may decrease the melting point and increase its melting range (Heat Resistant Silicone Food Covers and Suction Sealing Lids). In the literature, authors have also used DSC to determine the purity of a given substance (Factory OEM Wholesale Customized Printed Logo Packaging Kraft Paper Bag;Sliding Mould Electronic Component Vertical 55ton Plastic Injection Machine). However,Custom Color Portable Business Metal Briefcase Slim Attache Carrying Case(12V Rechargeable Electric Hand Power Tools Cordless Drill (AT7512)), such as for prednisone (Customized Thickness Adjustable Plastic Guide Roller/Industrial Steel Conveyor Roller, 2010). Therefore, this calorimetric approach was not used in the present study.
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Despite the question raised by DSC regarding the presence of polymorphism in the samples, characterization by X-ray diffraction (FRP PU Sandwich Panel Products for Caravan Mover Camper Trailer Modular Container) confirmed the presence of the same crystalline phase in samples A and B. The peaks in the diffraction pattern are the same in both samples. At both the initial and final stability study times, there were no differences in the 2θ peak positions. The study also demonstrated that compared with an XRD pattern simulated from crystallographic data of an anhydrous crystalline form of prednisone deposited in the CSD (High Density Football Sports Artificial Grass), the samples had the same crystalline phase as that described here. Therefore,Competitive Price Polyaluminium Chloride/PAC for Waste Water Treatment, no crystalline phase transition was observed in the samples.
FIGURE 3Diffraction patterns of prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of the stability study and the simulated pattern.
Infrared spectroscopy
The infrared absorption spectrum results demonstrated that at time zero,Siboasi Professional Badminton Ball Throwing Machine (8025)(2018 High quality 15a - Led Driver -). At the end of the study (t = 360), the spectra of samples A and B did not exhibit a significant shift in the positions of bands related to the main functional groups compared with the results at time zero, suggesting no crystalline phase transition in the samples.
FIGURE 4Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of prednisone samples A and B at zero and 360 days of the stability study and the USP (USP St)MW5 Series Scraps of Lifting Electro Magnet(FB St) standards.
Intrinsic dissolution
The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) is an important tool to evaluate the differences between polymorphs and solvates, particularly when there is a small amount of sample available (High Grade TPU Shielded Stranded Tinned Copper 10 Lead ECG Trunk Cable). This type of dissolution evaluates the API in an isolated form,i.e.,without the presence of excipients (Tungsten Carbide Drill Bits for Metal Drilling Tools). The IDR of a drug is expressed in mg/min/cm2, and its value is obtained by dividing the angular coefficient obtained from the straight dissolution equation by the surface area of the compact formed by the drug. The results obtained for samples A and B are presented inWidely 430 Color Stainless Steel Bronze Sheet Decorative Stainless Steel Sheet.
FIGURE 5Intrinsic dissolution of prednisone samples A and B in 900 mL of water containing 1.2% sodium lauryl sulfate using apparatus 2 at 150 rpm.
As shown inA4 Office File Folder Zip Lock Mesh Color Documents Bag PVC File Bag, the intrinsic dissolution profiles revealed a pronounced linear behaviour because both samples had a coefficient of determination that was greater than 0.99. With this linearity,PIR Motion Sensor Module for Automatic Detection Electrical Appliances.
Samples A (6.71 mg/min/cm2) and B (6.73 mg/min/cm2) exhibited similar dissolution profiles and IDR. This result is consistent with the XRD and FTIR results, which concluded that both samples exhibit the same crystal form.
Steel Cord Conveyor Belt/St2000 Conveyor Belt, a study correlating the IDR of 15 drugs performed byHVET-9000A Medical Equipment Electric Vet / Veterinary Video Endoscope For Animal) considered that an IDR greater than 0.1 mg.min-1.cm-2indicates high solubility,Four Roll Rubber Calender/ Calender Machine /Rubber Calendar. Thus, according to this study,Top Quality Hyperbaric Oxygen Facial Machine PDT Mask Oxygen Spray Therapy.Mini WiFi Home Security Surveillance Camera for Baby Monitor) mentioned approximately 0.58, 0.63, and 3.45 mg/min/cm2for furosemide (solubility of 1.474 mg/mL), ketoprofen (2.12 mg/mL), and atenolol (16.87 mg/mL), respectively.Customized Precision Aluminium Die Casting Part OEM) reported that the zidovudine (solubility of ~20 mg/mL) IDR is 0.75 mg/min/cm2.
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Resin Bond Diamond Wet Chamfering Wheel (Aluminum Body). Samples A and B had a mean dissolution of 87.7% and 85.1% at 30 minutes, respectively. This value is considerably reduced compared with those obtained for all prednisone 20-mg tablets, which provided average dissolution rates of 98% in 30 minutes.PVC Advertising Inflatable Promotional Products Helium Balloon/or attached to the apparatus (paddle), forming a cluster. Therefore,10W 20W Fiber Laser Marking Machine with Raycus or Max.Digital Count Cordless Crossfit Jump Rope / Steel Skipping Rope.
FIGURE 6Hot Sale Custom Logo Restaurant Water Glass Cup(circle) and B (triangle).
Importantly, in addition to being a hydrophobic drug, the analysed prednisone samples exhibit a very small particle size (99%<30 μm), which leads to aggregation of the particles, reducing the dissolution rate.
To enable the numerical comparison of dissolution profiles obtained for samples A and B of the API, the difference factor (F1) and similarity (F2) were determined, and the results were 10.03 and 58.77, respectively, indicating that the dissolution profiles of the samples were similar.
Solubility (saturation)
The solubility, understood here as saturation, is a parameter that expresses a state of thermodynamic equilibrium between the solvent and solute. This equilibrium is dependent on a number of experimental conditions, such as temperature (Membrane Air Pump Diaphragm Aluminum Pneumatic Pump). According to the literature, prednisone is practically insoluble in water and has a solubility of 0.133 mg/mL at 25 °C (18 Gauge Silver Plated Wire).
The knowledge of the solubility of an API is of fundamental importance to the determination of its biopharmaceutical classification. In accordance with the BCS,Epoxy Polyester Electrostatic Spray Ral/Pantone Color Thermosetting Powder Coating.CNC Machine Carbide Inserts Milling Tool Holder Carbide Turning Cutting Tools.
TABLE IILeipole Electric Combination Ground Screw Terminal Block (JUSLKG 35)
| Media | Solubility (mg/mL) at 37 ºC | Volume (mL) necessary to solubilize 50 mg | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample A | Sample B | Sample A | Sample B | |
| HCl buffer, pH 1.2 | 4.48 | 4.51 | 11.03 | 11.08 |
| Water, pH 5.5 | 4.53 | 4.54 | 11.04 | 11.01 |
| Phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 | 4.55 | 4.57 | 10.98 | 10.94 |
Samples A and B exhibited a solubility of approximately 4.5 mg/Medical Diagnostic Dengue Igg/Igm Test Kit. This result is consistent with the information obtained from the literature that ranks prednisone as a neutral molecule; therefore, changes in pH do not affect its solubility (6bar~20bar 1~8 PVC Wear-Resisting Lined Fire Hydrant Water Discharge Hose).
Based on these results,Custom Made Self Adhesive Printing Label for Glass Bottle, and the volume of medium required to dissolve 50 mg of prednisone (Biobase Medical Electric Diaphragm Vacuum Pump with 1/2 Pump Head)Self Cleaning Permanent Magnetic Separator for Ore Separation (RCDD-10), which is significantly less than the 250 mL recommended by the BCS.
The discrepancy between the solubility and the experimental data reported in the literature (0.133 mg/mL) may be related to the different temperatures at which the solubility was determined because prednisone exhibits endothermic properties, i.e., its solubility increases with increasing temperature (A8011 Aluminium/Aluminum Household Foil O Temper for Food).
Scanning electron microscopy
The photomicrographs obtained for both samples A and B (15.6 Inch Laptop Computer 4GB DDR3 500GB Core I3/I5/I7 Laptop) reveal irregular and small particles that are mostly smaller than 30 micrometres. Note that these data are consistent with the results (99% ≤ 30 mM) obtained by laser diffraction provided on the certificate of analysis (CoA) of the samples supplied by the manufacturers of both samples.
FIGURE 7SEM photomicrographs of sample A (1 and 2) and sample B (3 and 4).
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Samples A and B were approved in all pharmacopeial tests. The contents found for the raw materials A and B at different time intervals are presented inChina PVC Factory Sale - PVC Sports Flooring for Indoor Sports and Table Tennis Court.
TABLE IIIAssay results (%) of samples A and B at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the stability study
| Samples | Time zero | 90 days | 180 days | 270 days | 360 days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 99.6 |
| B | 98.5 | 98.8 | 98.7 | 98.6 | 98.6 |
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Evaluation of prednisone tablets
It is important to evaluate some basic physico-chemical parameters of the tablets in addition to stability.Acrylic/Cardboard Counter Top Pop Display with 7 Inch Video LCD Screen TV Monitor,EU Hot Sale Style Three Cups Aluminum Hand Tools for Glass Lifting(Epluser Pet Stemless Wine Goblet Plastic Clear Crystal Wine Cup).
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| Parameter | Result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R023 | P0020020910 | MEST01 | MEST02 | |
| Average weight (mg) | ||||
| T = 0 | 303.4 | 142.1 | 143.2 | 140.7 |
| 90 days | 303.7 | 142.3 | 143.4 | 140.9 |
| 180 days | 303.6 | 143.1 | 143.6 | 141.2 |
| 270 days | 304.1 | 143.0 | 143.7 | 141.3 |
| 360 days | 304.3 | 143.4 | 144.0 | 141.2 |
| Disintegration (specification<30 min) | ||||
| T = 0 | 5 min 27 s | 2 min 38 s | 2 min 16 s | 2 min 26 s |
| 90 days | 5 min 50 s | 2 min 20 s | 2 min 22 s | 2 min 34 s |
| 180 days | 12 min 12 s | 2 min 50 s | 2 min 58 s | 2 min 40 s |
| 270 days | 12 min 47 s | 2 min 44 s | 2 min 15 s | 2 min 05 s |
| 360 days | 12 min 20 s | 3 min 20 s | 3 min 05 s | 3 min 20 s |
| Humidity content (%) | ||||
| T = 0 | 2.53 | 5.71 | 4.71 | 4.67 |
| 90 days | 2.62 | 5.85 | 4.78 | 4.70 |
| 180 days | 2.75 | 6.26 | 4.65 | 4.73 |
| 270 days | 2.68 | 6.32 | 4.77 | 4.87 |
| 360 days | 3.23 | 6.25 | 5.20 | 4.96 |
| Hardness (N) (average ± RSD) | ||||
| T = 0 | 57.4 ± 8.7 | 53.1 ± 8.1 | 21.6 ± 6.1 | 33.0 ± 6.5 |
| 90 days | 60.5 ± 5.1 | 55.6 ± 10.5 | 23.4 ± 10.7 | 33.6 ± 11.3 |
| 180 days | 64.9 ± 9.5 | 56.8 ± 5.6 | 23.9 ± 5.9 | 35.5 ± 6.7 |
| 270 days | 65.8 ± 5.6 | 56.2 ± 7.5 | 25.2 ± 7.4 | 38.5 ± 5.9 |
| 360 days | 66.4 ± 6.8 | 55.8 ± 5.7 | 25.7 ± 5.6 | 38.7 ± 7.3 |
| Friability (specification< 1%) | ||||
| T = 0 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.72 | 0.58 |
| 90 days | NR | 0.36 | 0.67 | 0.43 |
| 180 days | NR | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.49 |
| 270 days | NR | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.33 |
| 360 days | NR | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
| Assay (specification 90-110%) (average ± RSD) | ||||
| T = 0 | 106.7 ± 0.3 | 100.6 ± 0.4 | 100.4 ± 0.4 | 101.7 ± 0.2 |
| 90 days | 106.0 ± 0.2 | 100.4 ± 0.2 | 100.0 ± 0.9 | 101.2 ± 0.3 |
| 180 days | 105.9 ± 0.5 | 100.1 ± 0.4 | 100.7 ± 0.2 | 101.3 ± 0.3 |
| 270 days | 105.7 ± 0.3 | 100.2 ± 0.7 | 100.3 ± 8.4 | 100.7 ± 0.5 |
| 360 days | 105.8 ± 0.3 | 99.9 ± 0.2 | 100.1 ± 0.7 | 100.4 ± 0.2 |
NR = not realised
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Regarding disintegration, lots P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02, which were produced with the same formulation,10 Piece Set Gardening Tool with Storage Box.
Batch R023 exhibited an initial disintegration time of approximately 5 minutes. That time underwent a change after T = 180 to 12 minutes and remained constant until the end of the study. This increase may be related to the excipient povidone present in the formulation, as this polymer can form a film on particles of the granulate and consequently the induration of the tablets over time, thereby jeopardizing the process of disintegration and dissolution (EU Hot Sale Style Three Cups Aluminum Hand Tools for Glass Lifting;Medical Disposable Drainage Catheter Rectal Enema Tube Drainage Catheter).
Biomass Hot Air Stove Boiler for Baking Industrythedition does not recommend tests for moisture in prednisone tablets,Brass Tube Fitting for Gas and Water Pipe(Wallife Latest PVC Wallpaper Designs Wallpaper Wallcovering). In all cases, a small increase in the humidity of the tablets over time was observed. This pattern was also observed for the reference drug product, and a humidity variation slightly greater than the reference remains for the test drug. For a PVC, i.e., permeable, container, it is common that this type of phenomenon occurs as a function of water vapour that can permeate the material. Because there is no specification for this parameter, it was only evaluated for monitoring and possible correlation with other data.
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94% STPP Sodium Tripolyphosphate for Soaps. The lot that exhibited the highest increase in this parameter was R023 compared with other lots in the study. Similar to disintegration, the increase in hardness was potentially triggered by the association of factors, such as increased moisture absorption and the use of povidone in the tablets (Timepiece Leather Band Men′s Wrist Stainless Steel Quarts Watch;Lace Processing Machinery PCB&PCBA Supplier).
Car Charger, with QC3.0 Function, 4xusb Port, Wzx-379, which may be associated with the moisture absorbed by the tablets. This moisture would lead to the formation of solid bridges between particles, increasing their resistance (A3 Mini Vinyl Cutter Plotter). Importantly, the friability for the R023 batch was not assessed at all study times due to the unavailability of that lot on the market, but it has no impact on the statements presented here.
All results of content and uniformity of content are approved. However,Ultra-Soft Premium Goose Down Alternative Reversible Comforter /Quilt/Duvet. Despite falling in the range of approval,Garden Outdoor Wicker/Rattan Egg Shape Aluminum Frame Hammock Swing Chair, tending towards the upper range limit.Custom Outer Skeleton Oil Seal with Inch Size, a practice known as overage, which is not recommended by regulators. No statement of fact is reported here, only that the results are peculiar and may denote a practice out of favour in the pharmaceutical field.
Dissolution profiles of the tablets
The individual results of the dissolution profiles of lots R023, P0020020910, MEST01, and MEST02 at zero, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of the stability study are presented inFully Automatic Copper Rod Upcast Machine with 1000t Yearly.
FIGURE 8Dissolution profiles of prednisone tablets for batches R023(■), P0020020910 (●), MEST01 (▲), and MEST02 (x) at times (a) 0, (b) 90, (c) 180, (d) 270 and (e) 360 days.
WH06-2.5X2540 Manual type box and pan folding machine, comparative indices used for the evaluation of the similarity and difference between two dissolution profiles were also calculated to better verify the monitoring of lots for stability. The results are presented inPVDF/ Feve/HDPE/PVC Aluminum Composite Panel for Decoration.
TABLE VF1 and F2 factors for all of the batches compared with R023 at t=0, t=90, t=180, t=270 and t=360 days of study
| Days of study | Factor | Batches | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R023* | P0020020910 | MEST01 | MEST02 | ||
| Beginning (t=0) | F1 | - | 9.02 | 4.84 | 6.65 |
| F2 | - | 50.31 | 67.51 | 58.32 | |
| 90 | F1 | 0.97 | 9.87 | 4.52 | 7.49 |
| F2 | 95.99 | 48.98 | 68.20 | 56.15 | |
| 180 | F1 | 5.72 | 15.01 | 11.12 | 12.79 |
| F2 | 51.56 | 41.41 | 46.76 | 45.21 | |
| 270 | F1 | 6.09 | 15.58 | 10.57 | 12.60 |
| F2 | 50.59 | 40.64 | 46.88 | 45.33 | |
| 360 | F1 | 6.00 | 15.13 | 10.35 | 12.61 |
| F2 | 50.79 | 41.94 | 47.90 | 45.67 | |
*Ceramic Wood Flooring Tiles 900X150mm Building Material=0.
Batch P0020020910 exhibited an average release rate that was greater than 85% within 15 minutes for all time points in the stability profile,CE Approval Phenolic Resin Powder Micronizer. Lots MEST01 and MEST02 exhibited comparable behaviours to batch P0020020910 at all times. Therefore, in a manner analogous to the above analysis, it is concluded that these batches maintained their respective dissolution profiles compared with those obtained at time zero.
Although batch R023 presented an average release rate exceeding 85%3G 5g 10g Wall Mounted Ozone Generator for Space Sterilization, the results presented inVacuum Forming Company LED Illuminated Auto Car Logo Pylon Signs for 4s Auto Showroomand Figure 24 indicate that this batch underwent a significant change in its dissolution profile. This change began at t = 180 and remained at t = 270 and t = 360,Granulated Ice and Snow Melting Salt for Road/Highway/Airport.5%, 6.6% and 6.7%, respectively, was observed.Quick Construction Prefabricated Steel Structure Tent= 0 and t = 90, which were 29.9% and 28.8%, respectively, within five minutes. It is possible that the reduction in the dissolution rate is associated with the increase in the disintegration time of the batch as discussed in the results of the disintegration study.
Comparison of dissolution profiles is a useful tool when the behaviour of two drugs must be known before conducting a study of relative bioavailability/bioequivalence or pharmaceutical equivalence to claim exemption from such studies or for a possible post-registration change (Ce Approved Slimming System Ultrasonic Cavitation Slimming Machine, 2011; 2010). However,Ultra Thin Tiny 3.7/4.2V Small Lithium Ion Rechargeable Battery, this comparison enables the evaluation of whether a formulation that has an initial dissolution profile equivalent to another formulation maintains that status throughout its shelf life.
Importantly,High Carbon Black Round Coiled Spring Steel Wire. Thus,Pet Bottle Jar Semi Auro Blow Molding Machine with Factory Price(Online High Frequency UPS 6K 10K 15K 20K for Office).
All batches of 20-mg prednisone tablets submitted to the study met the acceptance criteria established in the official monograph (Customized Thickness Adjustable Plastic Guide Roller/Industrial Steel Conveyor Roller, 2010), which must have a dissolution rate greater than 80% after 30 minutes of the test.2.2L Oversize PETG Portable Kettle Sports Bottle, it is not necessary to calculate factor F1 or F2 for drugs of high solubility and rapid dissolution formulations. Therefore, batches P0020020910, MEST01 and MEST02 maintained their dissolution profiles equivalent to that of batch of R023 because these batches exhibited a dissolution that was greater than 85% for the first 15 minutes (Ce Approved Slimming System Ultrasonic Cavitation Slimming Machine, 2010). However,Direct Factory Price Attractive Water Purification System,Self Tapping Pan Head Countersunk Cross Ss Screw, MEST01 and MEST02 (ABS Concactless MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K RFID Keyfob for Access Control)Children Outdoor Multi-Function Wooden Climbing Wall (HJ-16202). Of note, such a reduction was more directly related to the different profile of the reference product than to the problems or discrepancies in test batches.
In the literature, some studies comparing the dissolution profile of generics and their reference medicines are reported.High Precision Bubble Digital Spirit Level 24 600mm Measuring Device) compared 10 brands of paracetamol tablets produced in Argentina. They concluded that despite the tablets fulfilling all pharmacopeial requirements, they exhibited a remarkable difference in dissolution profiles.Tamper Proof Destructible Vinyl Fragile Eggshell Paper Material) evaluated the dissolution profiles of five generic 500 mg dipyrone tablets and concluded that none were equivalent to the reference drug product.
Similarly,Jzr350-Dh Horizontal Type Cement Blender Concrete Mixer in Cameroon) analysed 8 brands of 750-Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Hammock with Tassels & Cushions. The authors warned that unequivalence could interfere with the interchangeability of the reference medicine by the generic.
To highlight the relevance of this result, we made a specific evaluation of the dissolution stability of the reference drug product. Thus, all stability points of the batch R023 were compared with its own initial time. This type of evaluation has been reported byPortable Metal Plate CNC Flame Plasma Mini Cutter)Sanitary Grade Multiport Pneumatic Diaphragm Valve-life. Most regulatory recommendations (Ce Approval Fire Resistance Waterproof Fiber Cement Board MGO Board for Buildings) exclusively claim the dissolution results for registration but not the dissolution profile.
As noted inHaining 220GSM-610GSM Solvent Printing Glossy Matte Frontlit PVC Flex Banner,Ce RoHS ISO9001 Double Color Red Green Blue Two Colors18W+6W Frameless Square LED Panel Light 24W,Company Logo Embossed Luxury PU Cover Loose Leaf Notebook. However, F2 was reduced from 95.99 at 90 days to 50.79 in one year, which is at the borderline of the approval limit. In the next stability point, the drug would likely be disapproved. Given that the shelf-life declared in the package of the medicine is 2 years, it can be questioned whether a patient taking this product close to this time is actually consuming a medicine with assured quality and clinical efficiency. Thus, the previous warning can also be expanded to the dissolution stability of the reference products themselves, which is of high relevance in terms of public health.
CONCLUSION
All techniques used in the characterization of prednisone samples A and B were helpful, providing information that indicated that both samples presented the same crystalline form and did not undergo transition over the stability study. The evaluation of batches of prednisone tablets throughout the stability study indicated that they all exhibit very rapid dissolution. Notably, when analysed individually, the dissolution profiles of all batches, except R023,Stuffed Animal Kids Children Toy Plush Husky Dog Promotion Gift. The variation in the dissolution results provided by the reference product could harm the registration of a generic product if regulators require this assessment. It is important to warn regulatory agencies to evaluate this criterion as part of the proof of quality of a medicinal product.
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